Publications

@article{ZINEFILALI2024143607,

title = {Measurement reproducibility and Storage impact on VOC/SVOC Emission Rate from Decorative Materials},

author = {Nouha ZINE FILALI and Tamara BRAISH and Yves ANDRES and Nadine LOCOGE},

url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653524025074},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143607},

issn = {0045-6535},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-01-01},

journal = {Chemosphere},

pages = {143607},

abstract = {Building materials are the major sources of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs and SVOCs) in indoor air. Measurements of emission rates of these compounds are likely to be influenced by variation in certain environmental factors resulting in intra-specimen variability. This study aims to (i) evaluate the reproducibility of measurements between specimens and (ii) evaluate the impact of storage on VOC and SVOC emissions from antifungal acrylic paint (applied on polyester-cellulose). For this purpose, 15 discs of tested materials (1.63 ± 0.04 g) were prepared. From these, the emissions rates (ER) of 5 samples were analyzed simultaneously during three measurement campaigns (October 2021, January 2022 and March 2022). Between each campaign, specimens were stored in the dark at ambient temperature (25 ± 4 °C) and relative humidity (50 ± 20 %). Measurements were performed using the field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC) and characterized by gas chromatography (TD-GC-MS/FID) and liquid chromatography (HPLC). Intra-specimen reproducibility was assessed by comparing 5 ER of different specimens collected simultaneously. The impact of storage was evaluated by comparing the average VOC/SVOC ER between each campaign. The results show, concerning the reproducibility of the measurements, that the first measurement campaign provides ER with high variability (10 – 36 %) compared to the second and third measurement campaigns, which show lower intra-specimen variability (5 – 24 % and 8 – 20 % respectively). However, weakly emitted compounds (ER < 10 μg m-2 h-1) such as aromatics and aldehydes show large variabilities (6 – 100 % of variation) in all measurement campaigns. Regarding the effect of the 5-months storage a significant decrease in the ER of individual VOC/SVOCs (37 – 85 %) and of TVOCs (74 %) was noted, except for aldehydes, aromatic hydrocarbons, isopropylacetone and vinyl crotonate, which showed a stability or eventual increase (up to 100 %) in the ER over time, depending on the type of emitted compound.},

keywords = {aging process, Building materials, Indoor air quality, reproducibility, storage, VOC/SVOC emissions},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{nokey,

title = {Analysis of indoor air emissions: From building materials to biogenic and anthropogenic activities},

author = {Jose Ruiz-Jimenez and Ilmari Heiskanen and Ville Tanskanen and Kari Hartonen and Marja Liisa Riekkola},

doi = {10.1016/J.JCOA.2022.100041},

issn = {2772-3917},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Journal of Chromatography Open},

volume = {2},

pages = {100041},

publisher = {Elsevier},

abstract = {There is a clear relationship between indoor air quality, gaseous compounds (volatile and semi-volatile) and particles emitted by building materials, biogenic and anthropogenic activities, and human health. An increased interest in indoor air quality and emissions has raised during recent years. Nowadays, it is possible to find several analytical approaches based on a wide variety of sampling and analytical techniques. The main objective of this review is to clarify the different options available for the analyst by a critical evaluation of the different steps involved in these methods. In this way, a clear description and evaluation of the potential advantages and shortcomings for the different devices required in materials emission studies, the collection of total air samples using air canisters and particles by vacuum surface have been included in this review. In addition, the potential use of active and passive sampling techniques, for the efficient collection of different compounds from the air samples is described. Then, the selection of the most adequate analytical approach for the analysis of different compounds as a function of their physicochemical properties is evaluated. The latter will include not only traditional approaches such as gas or liquid chromatography but also more sophisticated ones such as proton transfer reaction or chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Finally, the application of these different analytical approaches to the evaluation of indoor air emissions, mainly from biogenic and anthropogenic activities but also from different building materials, are introduced.},

keywords = {Anthropogenic and biogenic activities, Building materials, Emission measurements, Indoor air quality, Sampling systems},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{THEVENET2018138,

title = {VOC uptakes on gypsum boards: Sorption performances and impact on indoor air quality},

author = {F Thevenet and O Debono and M Rizk and F Caron and M Verriele and N Locoge},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132318302154},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.04.011},

issn = {0360-1323},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-01-01},

journal = {Building and Environment},

volume = {137},

pages = {138 - 146},

abstract = {Indoor air pollution requires the development of various approaches to reduce the concentration of VOCs. Beyond the optimization of ventilation and the reduction of pollutant sources, building materials with sorptive properties are currently examined as possible VOC remediation processes. The potentialities and the effectiveness of sorptive building materials still require detailed and reliable assessments. Thus, the objective of this paper relies in the development of a methodology to determine VOC partitioning coefficients on two sorptive building materials, in comparison with a non-sorptive one, using two contrasted model VOCs, namely toluene and formaldehyde, under different environmental indoor conditions. This approach aims at comparing the different materials and estimating their lifetimes regarding VOC uptake under realistic indoor conditions. After exposing the experimental methodology, uptakes of toluene and formaldehyde are investigated on the three selected gypsum boards. The determination of respective partitioning coefficients enlightens the contrasted behaviours of boards depending on (i) the presence or absence of sorptive agent in their formulation, (ii) the nature of the sorptive agent used, (iii) the structure of the model VOC, (iv) the paper layer on board and (v) the relative humidity. Based on obtained experimental results, the lifetimes of boards are evaluated for each VOC. Results evidence that improvements still have to be achieved to enhance the significance of sorptive gypsum board on indoor air quality. Nevertheless, reliable methodologies are now available to assess the behavior of these materials in indoor environment and to help their effective optimization.},

keywords = {Adsorption, Building materials, Gypsum boards, Indoor air quality, VOC},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{RIZK2016239,

title = {Fast sorption measurements of VOCs on building materials: Part 2 – Comparison between FLEC and CLIMPAQ methods},

author = {Malak Rizk and Marie Verriele and Maxence Mendez and Nadège Blond and Sébastien Dusanter and Coralie Schoemaecker and Patrice Blondeau and Stéphane Le Calvé and Nadine Locoge},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132315302146},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.12.016},

issn = {0360-1323},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Building and Environment},

volume = {99},

pages = {239 - 251},

abstract = {A new method was developed to measure on the field VOC sorption coefficients (ka; kd) on the surface of a material by coupling a Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) to a Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) as presented in the first part of this study. In this second part, the method is compared to the classical method based on a CLIMPAQ chamber coupled to an on-line GC analyzer. Different models were used to determine the sorption parameters from experimental data taking into account the sink effect on empty chamber walls and the presence of a boundary-layer. Determined sorption equilibrium coefficients Ke (ka/kd) for a mixture of BTEX on a gypsum board was found to be in good agreement between both methods. However, the CLIMPAQ method seems to be less robust than the FLEC method in the determination of sorption coefficients since more than one couple of (ka; kd), showing the same ratio Ke can retrieve the same CLIMPAQ experimental data. Giving this result, the question arises about the reliability of the literature data determined using emission test chamber which could be one of the reasons behind the discrepancies found between experimental indoor concentrations and predicted ones using chamber derived parameters.},

keywords = {Building materials, CLIMPAQ, FLEC, Indoor air quality, Model, Sorption},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{LYNG201677,

title = {Measurement of PCB emissions from building surfaces using a novel portable emission test cell},

author = {Nadja Lynge Lyng and Lars Gunnarsen and Helle Vibeke Andersen and Vivi Kofoed-Sørensen and Per Axel Clausen},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036013231630049X},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.02.011},

issn = {0360-1323},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Building and Environment},

volume = {101},

pages = {77 - 84},

abstract = {Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used in building materials like caulks and paints from 1930–1970s and in some cases that caused elevated PCB concentrations in the indoor air at levels considered harmful to occupant health. PCBs are semivolatile organic compounds and capable of spreading from the original source to adjacent materials, indoor air and via adsorption from the air to indoor surfaces, causing secondary contaminations. Remediation of buildings with unsatisfactory indoor air concentrations is a complex and difficult task due to the secondary contamination of building materials and there is a need to prioritise remediation measures on different materials. An inexpensive and portable emission test cell was developed to resemble indoor conditions in relation to the area specific ventilation rate. Emissions were measured using the test cell in the laboratory on freshly made PCB paint. Further, the chamber was used for determining emissions from PCB-containing building materials in the field as well as remediated walls. The measurements showed that sorption of PCBs to chamber walls was insignificant after 2–4 days of exposure to the source. Over a period of two weeks emission rates did not change from any of the tested surfaces, however in the laboratory experiment emission rates decreased over a longer period (48 days) and was most pronounced for the lower chlorinated PCBs.},

keywords = {Building materials, emission rate, Emission test cell, Indoor air, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Semivolatile organic compound (SVOCs)},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{RIZK2016200,

title = {Fast sorption measurements of volatile organic compounds on building materials: Part 1 – Methodology developed for field applications},

author = {M Rizk and M Verriele and S Dusanter and C Schoemaecker and Le S calve and N Locoge},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132315302158},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.12.017},

issn = {0360-1323},

year  = {2016},

date = {2016-01-01},

journal = {Building and Environment},

volume = {99},

pages = {200 - 209},

abstract = {Several physicochemical processes occurring within buildings are key drivers of indoor concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds VOCs. Many models and experimental studies have been proposed to predict VOCs concentration indoors given these processes. However, there is a lack of representative data in literature to present gas–surface interaction in order to validate mathematical models. This work is divided in two parts and aims to develop and validate a method to perform fast measurements of VOC sorption parameters on the field by coupling a Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) to a Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS). In the part 1 of the work, sorption coefficients of aromatic compounds on a gypsum board and vinyl flooring were investigated at ppb levels to test and evaluate the proposed methodology. Sorption coefficients in the range of 0.03–1.88 m h−1 for ka and 2.04–17.32 h−1 for kd were successfully measured within a (0.5–8 h) for the two materials. Robustness tests highlight that the determination of sorption coefficients does not depend on operating conditions. While sorption coefficients for the gypsum board were measured with a PTR-MS time resolution of 20 s, the vinyl flooring material required measurements at a higher time resolution of 2 s due to its lower sorption properties. Limits of applicability assessed for this method indicate that sets of sorption parameters (ka, kd) of (0.01 m h−1; 0.01 h−1) and (0.09 m h−1; 0.09 h−1) can be measured with an accuracy better than 10% at time resolutions of 2 and 20 s respectively.},

keywords = {Building materials, Field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC), Proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer (PTR-MS), Sorption, VOCs},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{TANG2015221,

title = {Assessment of steady state diffusion of volatile organic compounds in unsaturated building materials based on fractal diffusion model},

author = {S W Tang and E Chen and Z J Li and H Y Shao},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132314003692},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2014.11.016},

issn = {0360-1323},

year  = {2015},

date = {2015-01-01},

journal = {Building and Environment},

volume = {84},

pages = {221 - 227},

abstract = {This paper presents a preliminary work to evaluate the steady state diffusion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in unsaturated building materials based on a newly-proposed fractal diffusion model. This model studies the contributions of water and gas to the diffusion transportation in unsaturated building materials, involves geometry parameters of unsaturated building materials, fractal dimensions, minimal and maximal pore diameters. In this model, the derivation of some parameters is assisted by newly-established three phases fractal carpet consisting of middle and peripheral parts that represent gas and water occupied regions in the unsaturated building materials. The influences of some structural parameters (removed number, recursion number and size) of fractal carpet on diffusion performance have been discussed. Additionally, the effective diffusion coefficients of various kinds of volatile organic compounds (formaldehyde, methanol, 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, Ethylbenzene, xylene isomers, benzene and toluene) are also compared based on this fractal model. Formaldehyde exhibits the largest value of effective diffusion coefficient among selected VOCs.},

keywords = {Building materials, Fractal, Pore structure, Steady state diffusion, Unsaturated, Volatile organic compounds},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{SHIN2012569,

title = {Volatile organic compound concentrations, emission rates, and source apportionment in newly-built apartments at pre-occupancy stage},

author = {Seung H Shin and Wan K Jo},

url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653512006753},

doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.05.054},

issn = {0045-6535},

year  = {2012},

date = {2012-01-01},

journal = {Chemosphere},

volume = {89},

number = {5},

pages = {569 - 578},

abstract = {The present study investigated the indoor concentrations of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde and their indoor emission characteristics in newly-built apartments at the pre-occupancy stage. In total, 107 apartments were surveyed for indoor and outdoor VOC concentrations in two metropolitan cities and one rural area in Korea. A mass balanced model was used to estimate surface area-specific emission rates of individual VOCs and formaldehyde. Seven (benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, m,p-xylene, o-xylene, n-hexane, and n-heptane) of 40 target compounds were detectable in all indoor air samples, whereas the first five were detected in all outdoor air samples. Formaldehyde was also predominant in the indoor air samples, with a high detection frequency of 96%. The indoor concentrations were significantly higher than the outdoor concentrations for aromatics, alcohols, terpenes, and ketones. However, six halogenated VOCs exhibited similar concentrations for indoor and outdoor air samples, suggesting that they are not major components emitted from building materials. It was also suggested that a certain portion of the apartments surveyed were constructed by not following the Korean Ministry of Environment guidelines for formaldehyde emissions. Toluene exhibited the highest emission rate with a median value of 138μgm−2h−1. The target compounds with median emission rates greater than 20μgm−2h−1 were toluene, 1-propanol, formaldehyde, and 2-butanone. The wood panels/vinyl floor coverings were the largest indoor pollutant source, followed by floorings, wall coverings, adhesives, and paints. The wood panels/vinyl floor coverings contributed nearly three times more to indoor VOC concentrations than paints.},

keywords = {Building materials, Emission characterization, New apartments, Pre-occupancy, Source contribution},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}