The FLEC® has been validated and used in research for many years.
Below is a publication list of journal articles, abstracts, poster or oral presentations where the FLEC or CHEMATEC’s other products have been in focus.
If you have anything that can be added to the list, we encourage you to contact CHEMATEC.
2018 |
Thevenet, F; Debono, O; Rizk, M; Caron, F; Verriele, M; Locoge, N VOC uptakes on gypsum boards: Sorption performances and impact on indoor air quality Journal Article Building and Environment, 137 , pp. 138 - 146, 2018, ISSN: 0360-1323. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Adsorption, Building materials, Gypsum boards, Indoor air quality, VOC @article{THEVENET2018138, title = {VOC uptakes on gypsum boards: Sorption performances and impact on indoor air quality}, author = {F Thevenet and O Debono and M Rizk and F Caron and M Verriele and N Locoge}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132318302154}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.04.011}, issn = {0360-1323}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Building and Environment}, volume = {137}, pages = {138 - 146}, abstract = {Indoor air pollution requires the development of various approaches to reduce the concentration of VOCs. Beyond the optimization of ventilation and the reduction of pollutant sources, building materials with sorptive properties are currently examined as possible VOC remediation processes. The potentialities and the effectiveness of sorptive building materials still require detailed and reliable assessments. Thus, the objective of this paper relies in the development of a methodology to determine VOC partitioning coefficients on two sorptive building materials, in comparison with a non-sorptive one, using two contrasted model VOCs, namely toluene and formaldehyde, under different environmental indoor conditions. This approach aims at comparing the different materials and estimating their lifetimes regarding VOC uptake under realistic indoor conditions. After exposing the experimental methodology, uptakes of toluene and formaldehyde are investigated on the three selected gypsum boards. The determination of respective partitioning coefficients enlightens the contrasted behaviours of boards depending on (i) the presence or absence of sorptive agent in their formulation, (ii) the nature of the sorptive agent used, (iii) the structure of the model VOC, (iv) the paper layer on board and (v) the relative humidity. Based on obtained experimental results, the lifetimes of boards are evaluated for each VOC. Results evidence that improvements still have to be achieved to enhance the significance of sorptive gypsum board on indoor air quality. Nevertheless, reliable methodologies are now available to assess the behavior of these materials in indoor environment and to help their effective optimization.}, keywords = {Adsorption, Building materials, Gypsum boards, Indoor air quality, VOC}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Indoor air pollution requires the development of various approaches to reduce the concentration of VOCs. Beyond the optimization of ventilation and the reduction of pollutant sources, building materials with sorptive properties are currently examined as possible VOC remediation processes. The potentialities and the effectiveness of sorptive building materials still require detailed and reliable assessments. Thus, the objective of this paper relies in the development of a methodology to determine VOC partitioning coefficients on two sorptive building materials, in comparison with a non-sorptive one, using two contrasted model VOCs, namely toluene and formaldehyde, under different environmental indoor conditions. This approach aims at comparing the different materials and estimating their lifetimes regarding VOC uptake under realistic indoor conditions. After exposing the experimental methodology, uptakes of toluene and formaldehyde are investigated on the three selected gypsum boards. The determination of respective partitioning coefficients enlightens the contrasted behaviours of boards depending on (i) the presence or absence of sorptive agent in their formulation, (ii) the nature of the sorptive agent used, (iii) the structure of the model VOC, (iv) the paper layer on board and (v) the relative humidity. Based on obtained experimental results, the lifetimes of boards are evaluated for each VOC. Results evidence that improvements still have to be achieved to enhance the significance of sorptive gypsum board on indoor air quality. Nevertheless, reliable methodologies are now available to assess the behavior of these materials in indoor environment and to help their effective optimization. |
Gall, Elliott T; Rim, Donghyun Mass accretion and ozone reactivity of idealized indoor surfaces in mechanically or naturally ventilated indoor environments Journal Article Building and Environment, 138 , pp. 89 - 97, 2018, ISSN: 0360-1323. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: @article{GALL201889, title = {Mass accretion and ozone reactivity of idealized indoor surfaces in mechanically or naturally ventilated indoor environments}, author = {Elliott T Gall and Donghyun Rim}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132318302415}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.04.030}, issn = {0360-1323}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Building and Environment}, volume = {138}, pages = {89 - 97}, abstract = {In indoor environments, accretion of mass to materials may provide sites for surface chemistry that differ from those of the original material. Since indoor surfaces are a major sink of oxidant gases, surface mass accretion may impact indoor O3 chemistry. In this study, the effect of surface mass accretion on O3 surface deposition was tested by deploying cleaned borosilicate glass plates in two types of indoor environments: a mechanically ventilated (MV) office and a naturally ventilated (NV) residence located in Singapore. In each environment, seven replicate glass plates and one field blank were deployed for between 7 and 56 days and examined in a laboratory chamber for O3 deposition rate and surface reaction probability. Average mass accretion to plates, deployed in a horizontal position and including deposited particles, was 10.6 mg/(m2 d) in the MV office vs. 18.5 mg/(m2 d) in the NV residence and the comparison is at the threshold of statistical significance (p = 0.054). Ozone reactivity to the plates increased in magnitude and persistence with longer plate deployment. Ozone reaction probabilities to cleaned plates prior to deployment ranged [0.06–0.74] × 10−6 for two hours of observable removal whereas plates deployed for 56 days ranged [0.15–1.2] × 10−6 for four hours of observable removal. Regressions of cumulative O3 removed during chamber tests vs. mass accreted show removal of 4.3 nmol O3/mg for the NV residence and 2.4 nmol O3/mg for the MV office. These results imply that accretion of mass to surfaces may alter indoor O3 transformation pathways.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In indoor environments, accretion of mass to materials may provide sites for surface chemistry that differ from those of the original material. Since indoor surfaces are a major sink of oxidant gases, surface mass accretion may impact indoor O3 chemistry. In this study, the effect of surface mass accretion on O3 surface deposition was tested by deploying cleaned borosilicate glass plates in two types of indoor environments: a mechanically ventilated (MV) office and a naturally ventilated (NV) residence located in Singapore. In each environment, seven replicate glass plates and one field blank were deployed for between 7 and 56 days and examined in a laboratory chamber for O3 deposition rate and surface reaction probability. Average mass accretion to plates, deployed in a horizontal position and including deposited particles, was 10.6 mg/(m2 d) in the MV office vs. 18.5 mg/(m2 d) in the NV residence and the comparison is at the threshold of statistical significance (p = 0.054). Ozone reactivity to the plates increased in magnitude and persistence with longer plate deployment. Ozone reaction probabilities to cleaned plates prior to deployment ranged [0.06–0.74] × 10−6 for two hours of observable removal whereas plates deployed for 56 days ranged [0.15–1.2] × 10−6 for four hours of observable removal. Regressions of cumulative O3 removed during chamber tests vs. mass accreted show removal of 4.3 nmol O3/mg for the NV residence and 2.4 nmol O3/mg for the MV office. These results imply that accretion of mass to surfaces may alter indoor O3 transformation pathways. |
Pei, Jingjing; Sun, Yahong; Yin, Yihui The effect of air change rate and temperature on phthalate concentration in house dust Journal Article Science of The Total Environment, 639 , pp. 760 - 768, 2018, ISSN: 0048-9697. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Air change rate, DEHP, Field measurement, House dust, temperature @article{PEI2018760, title = {The effect of air change rate and temperature on phthalate concentration in house dust}, author = {Jingjing Pei and Yahong Sun and Yihui Yin}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969718317327}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.097}, issn = {0048-9697}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-01-01}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, volume = {639}, pages = {760 - 768}, abstract = {Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are one of the main indoor pollutant categories. Six phthalates (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di(isobutyl) phthalate (DiBP), di(nbutyl) phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) in house dust samples were measured in forty residential apartments in Tianjin and Urumqi in four seasons throughout a year. The measured DEHP dust-phase concentration is in the range: 11.9–699.9 μg/g; and showed obvious differences in different seasons, and the maximum can be 2 times higher than minimum. The DiBP and DnBP showed similar phenomenon. The corresponding gas-phase concentration is estimated considering the influencing factors of indoor temperature, air change rate, particle concentration. Then the dust-gas partition coefficient Kd under different season was obtained through the measured dust-phase concentration and estimated gas-phase concentration. From winter to summer, because the increased temperature leads to higher emission rate, the gas-phase concentration is obviously high in spite of the higher air change rate in summer. The estimated DEHP gas-phase concentration showed obvious differences in different seasons, and the maximum can be about 2 times higher than minimum. The DiBP and DnBP showed similar phenomenon. The lower dust-phase concentration in summer is observed due to the temperature-dependency of the dust-gas partition coefficient. Therefore temperature has the greatest impact on the dust concentration, not influence via emission rate, but influences the partition coefficient Kd.}, keywords = {Air change rate, DEHP, Field measurement, House dust, temperature}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are one of the main indoor pollutant categories. Six phthalates (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), di(isobutyl) phthalate (DiBP), di(nbutyl) phthalate (DnBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBzP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) in house dust samples were measured in forty residential apartments in Tianjin and Urumqi in four seasons throughout a year. The measured DEHP dust-phase concentration is in the range: 11.9–699.9 μg/g; and showed obvious differences in different seasons, and the maximum can be 2 times higher than minimum. The DiBP and DnBP showed similar phenomenon. The corresponding gas-phase concentration is estimated considering the influencing factors of indoor temperature, air change rate, particle concentration. Then the dust-gas partition coefficient Kd under different season was obtained through the measured dust-phase concentration and estimated gas-phase concentration. From winter to summer, because the increased temperature leads to higher emission rate, the gas-phase concentration is obviously high in spite of the higher air change rate in summer. The estimated DEHP gas-phase concentration showed obvious differences in different seasons, and the maximum can be about 2 times higher than minimum. The DiBP and DnBP showed similar phenomenon. The lower dust-phase concentration in summer is observed due to the temperature-dependency of the dust-gas partition coefficient. Therefore temperature has the greatest impact on the dust concentration, not influence via emission rate, but influences the partition coefficient Kd. |
2017 |
C-PO02-01 to C-PO02-220 Journal Article Heart Rhythm, 14 (5, Supplement), pp. S144 - S234, 2017, ISSN: 1547-5271, (Heart Rhythm Scientific Sessions May 10-13, 2017 Chicago). @article{2017S144, title = {C-PO02-01 to C-PO02-220}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1547527117304241}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.04.006}, issn = {1547-5271}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Heart Rhythm}, volume = {14}, number = {5, Supplement}, pages = {S144 - S234}, note = {Heart Rhythm Scientific Sessions May 10-13, 2017 Chicago}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } |
Shen, Jialei; Chen, Jie; Zhang, Xinyi; Zou, Sicong; Gao, Zhi Outdoor and Indoor Ozone Concentration Estimation Based on Artificial Neural Network and Single Zone Mass Balance Model Journal Article Procedia Engineering, 205 , pp. 1835 - 1842, 2017, ISSN: 1877-7058, (10th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, ISHVAC2017, 19-22 October 2017, Jinan, China). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Artificial neural network, Deposition velocity, I/O ratio, Ozone @article{SHEN20171835, title = {Outdoor and Indoor Ozone Concentration Estimation Based on Artificial Neural Network and Single Zone Mass Balance Model}, author = {Jialei Shen and Jie Chen and Xinyi Zhang and Sicong Zou and Zhi Gao}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877705817349135}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.253}, issn = {1877-7058}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Procedia Engineering}, volume = {205}, pages = {1835 - 1842}, abstract = {Both outdoor and indoor ozone concentrations have negative health effects on human. This paper proposes an artificial neural network to estimate the outdoor ozone concentrations and a mass balance model tool to estimate indoor ozone concentrations. The prediction of outdoor and indoor ozone concentration levels is of great significance for people’s health. The estimation models are validated by the measured data selected from the monitoring stations and field measurements in a room in Nanjing, respectively. The accuracy of the estimation models is evaluated. The neural network built in this paper can generally estimate the outdoor ozone concentrations to some extent, while the single zone mass balance model is useful for predicting indoor ozone concentration levels.}, note = {10th International Symposium on Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, ISHVAC2017, 19-22 October 2017, Jinan, China}, keywords = {Artificial neural network, Deposition velocity, I/O ratio, Ozone}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Both outdoor and indoor ozone concentrations have negative health effects on human. This paper proposes an artificial neural network to estimate the outdoor ozone concentrations and a mass balance model tool to estimate indoor ozone concentrations. The prediction of outdoor and indoor ozone concentration levels is of great significance for people’s health. The estimation models are validated by the measured data selected from the monitoring stations and field measurements in a room in Nanjing, respectively. The accuracy of the estimation models is evaluated. The neural network built in this paper can generally estimate the outdoor ozone concentrations to some extent, while the single zone mass balance model is useful for predicting indoor ozone concentration levels. |
Bardage, S L 6 - Performance of buildings Incollection Jones, Dennis; Brischke, Christian (Ed.): Performance of Bio-based Building Materials, pp. 335 - 383, Woodhead Publishing, 2017, ISBN: 978-0-08-100982-6. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Air quality, Building, Construction, Energy, Performance @incollection{BARDAGE2017335, title = {6 - Performance of buildings}, author = {S L Bardage}, editor = {Dennis Jones and Christian Brischke}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780081009826000069}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100982-6.00006-9}, isbn = {978-0-08-100982-6}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, booktitle = {Performance of Bio-based Building Materials}, pages = {335 - 383}, publisher = {Woodhead Publishing}, abstract = {The chapter deals with different aspects on the use and performance of bio-based building materials in constructions and buildings.}, keywords = {Air quality, Building, Construction, Energy, Performance}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {incollection} } The chapter deals with different aspects on the use and performance of bio-based building materials in constructions and buildings. |
Moldovan, Radu-Cristian; Bodoki, Ede; Servais, Anne-Catherine; Crommen, Jacques; Oprean, Radu; Fillet, Marianne (+) or (−)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate as chiral derivatizing agent: A review Journal Article Journal of Chromatography A, 1513 , pp. 1 - 17, 2017, ISSN: 0021-9673. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: (+) or (−)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate, Chiral derivatizing agent, Chiral separations, Derivatization, Diastereomers @article{MOLDOVAN20171, title = {(+) or (−)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate as chiral derivatizing agent: A review}, author = {Radu-Cristian Moldovan and Ede Bodoki and Anne-Catherine Servais and Jacques Crommen and Radu Oprean and Marianne Fillet}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967317310464}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2017.07.045}, issn = {0021-9673}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Chromatography A}, volume = {1513}, pages = {1 - 17}, abstract = {Over the last 30years, (±)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate ((±)-FLEC) was used as a chiral derivatizing agent in various analytical applications involving a wide range of endogenous, pharmaceutical and environmentally relevant molecules. This comprehensive review aims to present all the significant aspects related to the state of the art in FLEC labeling and subsequent chiral separation of the resulting diastereomers using LC, SFC and CE techniques.}, keywords = {(+) or (−)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate, Chiral derivatizing agent, Chiral separations, Derivatization, Diastereomers}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the last 30years, (±)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate ((±)-FLEC) was used as a chiral derivatizing agent in various analytical applications involving a wide range of endogenous, pharmaceutical and environmentally relevant molecules. This comprehensive review aims to present all the significant aspects related to the state of the art in FLEC labeling and subsequent chiral separation of the resulting diastereomers using LC, SFC and CE techniques. |
Knudsen, Sofie M; Gunnarsen, Lars; Madsen, Anne Mette Inflammatory potential of low doses of airborne fungi from fungal infested damp and dry gypsum boards Journal Article Building and Environment, 125 , pp. 475 - 483, 2017, ISSN: 0360-1323. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Dose-response, Granulocyte assay, HL60 cells, J-shaped, Low concentrations, TIP @article{KNUDSEN2017475, title = {Inflammatory potential of low doses of airborne fungi from fungal infested damp and dry gypsum boards}, author = {Sofie M Knudsen and Lars Gunnarsen and Anne Mette Madsen}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132317304286}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.09.014}, issn = {0360-1323}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Building and Environment}, volume = {125}, pages = {475 - 483}, abstract = {This study has investigated the total inflammatory potential (TIP) of low concentration fungal samples from moisture-damaged and fungal infested gypsum boards. The fungal aerosols were generated from damp and dried surfaces, and sampled using filter sampling and liquid impingement. The TIP of the samples was analysed using a granulocyte assay based on differentiated HL60 cells. The study found a tendency to a J-shaped dose-response curve for fungal samples. Low concentrations of fungi were aerosolised from the gypsum boards, and the aerosols were dominated by Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium chrysogenum. Bacillus infantis and Paenibacillus sp. were found on the gypsum boards, but not recovered in the aerosols. A significant correlation was found between the TIP of diluted and undiluted samples of fungal aerosols. However, diluted samples had a higher TIP than undiluted samples, and no significant association was found between concentration of fungi and the TIP of the samples. This is likely due to the J-shaped dose response curve. The aerosol samples from the dried gypsum boards had a significantly higher TIP compared to aerosols from the damp surfaces. However, the J-shaped dose-response curve weakens the conclusion on the influence of surfaces dampness, sampling time, fungal species or sampling methods. It could, however, be concluded that samples from both damp and dry surfaces induce inflammation in the HL60 cells, despite the low concentration of fungi. Thus, a dried fungal infestation in a building seem still to present a concern for the occupant.}, keywords = {Dose-response, Granulocyte assay, HL60 cells, J-shaped, Low concentrations, TIP}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study has investigated the total inflammatory potential (TIP) of low concentration fungal samples from moisture-damaged and fungal infested gypsum boards. The fungal aerosols were generated from damp and dried surfaces, and sampled using filter sampling and liquid impingement. The TIP of the samples was analysed using a granulocyte assay based on differentiated HL60 cells. The study found a tendency to a J-shaped dose-response curve for fungal samples. Low concentrations of fungi were aerosolised from the gypsum boards, and the aerosols were dominated by Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium chrysogenum. Bacillus infantis and Paenibacillus sp. were found on the gypsum boards, but not recovered in the aerosols. A significant correlation was found between the TIP of diluted and undiluted samples of fungal aerosols. However, diluted samples had a higher TIP than undiluted samples, and no significant association was found between concentration of fungi and the TIP of the samples. This is likely due to the J-shaped dose response curve. The aerosol samples from the dried gypsum boards had a significantly higher TIP compared to aerosols from the damp surfaces. However, the J-shaped dose-response curve weakens the conclusion on the influence of surfaces dampness, sampling time, fungal species or sampling methods. It could, however, be concluded that samples from both damp and dry surfaces induce inflammation in the HL60 cells, despite the low concentration of fungi. Thus, a dried fungal infestation in a building seem still to present a concern for the occupant. |
Bal, Vivekananda; Gayasen, Vikas; Bibals, Reena; Avhad, Amol P; Chakrabarty, Debojit; Bandyopadhyaya, Rajdip Modeling and experiments on release of metofluthrin from a thin cellulosic-polymer film Journal Article Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 118 , pp. 31 - 40, 2017, ISSN: 0263-8762. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Controlled release, Differential equation, Film-diffusion, Finite element, Mass transport, Mosquito repellant @article{BAL201731, title = {Modeling and experiments on release of metofluthrin from a thin cellulosic-polymer film}, author = {Vivekananda Bal and Vikas Gayasen and Reena Bibals and Amol P Avhad and Debojit Chakrabarty and Rajdip Bandyopadhyaya}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026387621630466X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2016.11.033}, issn = {0263-8762}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Chemical Engineering Research and Design}, volume = {118}, pages = {31 - 40}, abstract = {A study on the release of metofluthrin (a mosquito repellant compound) from a thin film of a cellulosic polymer matrix and the effect of various factors influencing release was undertaken. Experiments were carried out with metofluthrin impregnated cellulose films, kept at the center of a room, to primarily determine the effect of four factors on the amount of metofluthrin released in the room: temperature, initial metofluthrin loading in the film, velocity of air and surface area of the film. Modeling was done using unsteady state mass balances, with an assumption that diffusivity of metofluthrin inside the film follows an Arrhenius dependence on temperature, while the mass transfer coefficient from film to air follows a linear dependence on the velocity of air. The model explained all our experimental trends quantitatively. Finally, accuracy of the model was validated by successful prediction of experimental release data of another metofluthrin-impregnated, emanator-system reported in the literature.}, keywords = {Controlled release, Differential equation, Film-diffusion, Finite element, Mass transport, Mosquito repellant}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A study on the release of metofluthrin (a mosquito repellant compound) from a thin film of a cellulosic polymer matrix and the effect of various factors influencing release was undertaken. Experiments were carried out with metofluthrin impregnated cellulose films, kept at the center of a room, to primarily determine the effect of four factors on the amount of metofluthrin released in the room: temperature, initial metofluthrin loading in the film, velocity of air and surface area of the film. Modeling was done using unsteady state mass balances, with an assumption that diffusivity of metofluthrin inside the film follows an Arrhenius dependence on temperature, while the mass transfer coefficient from film to air follows a linear dependence on the velocity of air. The model explained all our experimental trends quantitatively. Finally, accuracy of the model was validated by successful prediction of experimental release data of another metofluthrin-impregnated, emanator-system reported in the literature. |
Marć, Mariusz Problems and challenges associated with estimating the emissions of organic compounds from indoor materials Journal Article TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 97 , pp. 297 - 308, 2017, ISSN: 0165-9936. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Emission test chambers, emissions, Indoor materials, Passive flux samplers, Small-scale passive emission chambers @article{MARC2017297, title = {Problems and challenges associated with estimating the emissions of organic compounds from indoor materials}, author = {Mariusz Marć}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165993617303163}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2017.09.022}, issn = {0165-9936}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry}, volume = {97}, pages = {297 - 308}, abstract = {For several years intensive research has been carried out with the aim of developing a database of the types and amounts of pollutants released from indoor materials to the indoor environment. The paper discusses in detail basic problems and challenges encountered when estimating the emissions of chemical compounds released from of indoor materials. Factors affecting the validity of data obtained by using two different types of analytical devices operating in a dynamic mode (the ex-situ methods) or passive mode (the in-situ methods) for collecting the analytes samples from the gaseous phase were discussed. The main advantages and important limitations of specific analytical devices and aspects of the morphology of the studied indoor material that may influence the type and amount of chemical compounds released into the air were also highlighted. Attention has also been drawn to challenges encountered when developing candidate reference materials dedicated for measuring emissions from indoor matrices.}, keywords = {Emission test chambers, emissions, Indoor materials, Passive flux samplers, Small-scale passive emission chambers}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } For several years intensive research has been carried out with the aim of developing a database of the types and amounts of pollutants released from indoor materials to the indoor environment. The paper discusses in detail basic problems and challenges encountered when estimating the emissions of chemical compounds released from of indoor materials. Factors affecting the validity of data obtained by using two different types of analytical devices operating in a dynamic mode (the ex-situ methods) or passive mode (the in-situ methods) for collecting the analytes samples from the gaseous phase were discussed. The main advantages and important limitations of specific analytical devices and aspects of the morphology of the studied indoor material that may influence the type and amount of chemical compounds released into the air were also highlighted. Attention has also been drawn to challenges encountered when developing candidate reference materials dedicated for measuring emissions from indoor matrices. |
Pei, Jingjing; Yin, Yihui; Cao, Jianping; Sun, Yahong; Liu, Junjie; Zhang, Yinping Time dependence of characteristic parameter for semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) emitted from indoor materials Journal Article Building and Environment, 125 , pp. 339 - 347, 2017, ISSN: 0360-1323. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Emission characteristic, Flame retardants, Indoor air quality, SVOC source, Vapor pressure @article{PEI2017339, title = {Time dependence of characteristic parameter for semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) emitted from indoor materials}, author = {Jingjing Pei and Yihui Yin and Jianping Cao and Yahong Sun and Junjie Liu and Yinping Zhang}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132317304067}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2017.08.052}, issn = {0360-1323}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {Building and Environment}, volume = {125}, pages = {339 - 347}, abstract = {Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are widely used in various indoor materials and their adverse health effects have been increasingly recognized. The gas-phase SVOC concentration in equilibrium with the source material (y0), as a characteristic parameter for SVOC sources, is mostly assumed to be constant in previous studies. However, decreases in y0 with time have been observed in some studies. As a first step to reveal the mechanism behind the phenomenon, this study quantitatively investigated the variation of y0 over time under two conditions: natural exposure to outdoor ambient (Case 1), and storage in a controlled ventilated chamber (Case 2). Three phthalates (Di-iso-butyl Phthalate (DiBP), Di-n-butyl Phthalate (DnBP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) emitted from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) floorings and one flame retardant (tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, TCPP) emitted from polyurethane foam (PUF) were targeted. Experimental results indicated that, for SVOCs with higher volatility, i.e., DiBP, DnBP, and TCPP, y0 decreased 16%–49% after 60 days' exposure for Case 1; and 16%–36% for Case 2. For SVOCs with lower volatility, i.e., DEHP, no significant decrease in y0 was observed after 60 days in both cases; while if prolonging the time to about 1.5 years, a decrease of 38% was observed. Discussion about potential reasons for the decrease of y0 was presented. The results obtained here provide a further understanding about SVOC source characteristics and therefore help providing source strength for estimating indoor SVOC health exposure.}, keywords = {Emission characteristic, Flame retardants, Indoor air quality, SVOC source, Vapor pressure}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are widely used in various indoor materials and their adverse health effects have been increasingly recognized. The gas-phase SVOC concentration in equilibrium with the source material (y0), as a characteristic parameter for SVOC sources, is mostly assumed to be constant in previous studies. However, decreases in y0 with time have been observed in some studies. As a first step to reveal the mechanism behind the phenomenon, this study quantitatively investigated the variation of y0 over time under two conditions: natural exposure to outdoor ambient (Case 1), and storage in a controlled ventilated chamber (Case 2). Three phthalates (Di-iso-butyl Phthalate (DiBP), Di-n-butyl Phthalate (DnBP), and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) emitted from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) floorings and one flame retardant (tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate, TCPP) emitted from polyurethane foam (PUF) were targeted. Experimental results indicated that, for SVOCs with higher volatility, i.e., DiBP, DnBP, and TCPP, y0 decreased 16%–49% after 60 days' exposure for Case 1; and 16%–36% for Case 2. For SVOCs with lower volatility, i.e., DEHP, no significant decrease in y0 was observed after 60 days in both cases; while if prolonging the time to about 1.5 years, a decrease of 38% was observed. Discussion about potential reasons for the decrease of y0 was presented. The results obtained here provide a further understanding about SVOC source characteristics and therefore help providing source strength for estimating indoor SVOC health exposure. |
Cao, Jianping; Liu, Cong; Zhang, Yinping Influence of airborne particles on convective mass transfer of SVOCs on flat surfaces: Novel insight and estimation formula Journal Article International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 115 , pp. 127 - 136, 2017, ISSN: 0017-9310. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Emission, Empirical formula, Exposure, Indoor air quality, Sorption @article{CAO2017127, title = {Influence of airborne particles on convective mass transfer of SVOCs on flat surfaces: Novel insight and estimation formula}, author = {Jianping Cao and Cong Liu and Yinping Zhang}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931017302107}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.07.024}, issn = {0017-9310}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer}, volume = {115}, pages = {127 - 136}, abstract = {Impact of airborne particles on convective mass transfer coefficient (hm) of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) at flat surfaces has been investigated by assuming gas-particle equilibrium partition. In realistic indoor environments, however, this equilibrium partition might not be attained because the time required to reach equilibrium could be longer than residence time of airborne particles. No quantitative result of influence of particles on hm under a non-equilibrium state has been given yet. A mass transfer model was used in this study to quantify this influence for the laminar air flow. The influence, calculated as ratio of hm with particles present to hm with particles absent, ε, was found to significantly depend on three dimensionless parameters: Bip, R, and Cp∗(∞). Bip represents the ratio of mass transfer rate between gas- and particle-phases SVOCs to mass transfer rate of gas-phase SVOCs transporting across the concentration boundary layer, R is the ratio of SVOC mass in particle-phase to that in gas-phase at equilibrium state, and Cp∗(∞) characterizes non-equilibrium degree of particle-phase SVOCs in the bulk air (higher non-equilibrium degree as it deviates further away from one, as one corresponds to equilibrium). At equilibrium state (Cp∗(∞)=1), the presence of particles enhances hm (ε>1) to the same extent for source surfaces and sink ones. At non-equilibrium state, ε varies linearly as Cp∗(∞) changes (Cp∗(∞)>1 for source surface, and Cp∗(∞)<1 for sink surface). The presence of particles always enhances hm for SVOC source surfaces. In contrast, it can either enhance (ε>1) or weaken (0<ε<1) hm for sink surfaces, depending on non-equilibrium degree between gas-phase SVOCs and particles (characterized by Cp∗(∞)). An empirical formula relating ε with these three parameters was obtained. Good agreement between predictions by the formula and experimental results in the literature moderately supported its reliability. Results of this study could be useful in better estimating indoor SVOC concentrations, as well as assessing and controlling human exposure to indoor SVOCs.}, keywords = {Emission, Empirical formula, Exposure, Indoor air quality, Sorption}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Impact of airborne particles on convective mass transfer coefficient (hm) of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) at flat surfaces has been investigated by assuming gas-particle equilibrium partition. In realistic indoor environments, however, this equilibrium partition might not be attained because the time required to reach equilibrium could be longer than residence time of airborne particles. No quantitative result of influence of particles on hm under a non-equilibrium state has been given yet. A mass transfer model was used in this study to quantify this influence for the laminar air flow. The influence, calculated as ratio of hm with particles present to hm with particles absent, ε, was found to significantly depend on three dimensionless parameters: Bip, R, and Cp∗(∞). Bip represents the ratio of mass transfer rate between gas- and particle-phases SVOCs to mass transfer rate of gas-phase SVOCs transporting across the concentration boundary layer, R is the ratio of SVOC mass in particle-phase to that in gas-phase at equilibrium state, and Cp∗(∞) characterizes non-equilibrium degree of particle-phase SVOCs in the bulk air (higher non-equilibrium degree as it deviates further away from one, as one corresponds to equilibrium). At equilibrium state (Cp∗(∞)=1), the presence of particles enhances hm (ε>1) to the same extent for source surfaces and sink ones. At non-equilibrium state, ε varies linearly as Cp∗(∞) changes (Cp∗(∞)>1 for source surface, and Cp∗(∞)<1 for sink surface). The presence of particles always enhances hm for SVOC source surfaces. In contrast, it can either enhance (ε>1) or weaken (0<ε<1) hm for sink surfaces, depending on non-equilibrium degree between gas-phase SVOCs and particles (characterized by Cp∗(∞)). An empirical formula relating ε with these three parameters was obtained. Good agreement between predictions by the formula and experimental results in the literature moderately supported its reliability. Results of this study could be useful in better estimating indoor SVOC concentrations, as well as assessing and controlling human exposure to indoor SVOCs. |
2016 |
He, Congrong; Miljevic, Branka; Crilley, Leigh R; Surawski, Nicholas C; Bartsch, Jennifer; Salimi, Farhad; Uhde, Erik; Schnelle-Kreis, Jürgen; Orasche, Jürgen; Ristovski, Zoran; Ayoko, Godwin A; Zimmermann, Ralf; Morawska, Lidia Characterisation of the impact of open biomass burning on urban air quality in Brisbane, Australia Journal Article Environment International, 91 , pp. 230 - 242, 2016, ISSN: 0160-4120. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aerosol, Aerosol mass spectrometry, Air pollutant, Bushfire, Particle, Wildfire @article{HE2016230, title = {Characterisation of the impact of open biomass burning on urban air quality in Brisbane, Australia}, author = {Congrong He and Branka Miljevic and Leigh R Crilley and Nicholas C Surawski and Jennifer Bartsch and Farhad Salimi and Erik Uhde and Jürgen Schnelle-Kreis and Jürgen Orasche and Zoran Ristovski and Godwin A Ayoko and Ralf Zimmermann and Lidia Morawska}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412016300629}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.030}, issn = {0160-4120}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Environment International}, volume = {91}, pages = {230 - 242}, abstract = {Open biomass burning from wildfires and the prescribed burning of forests and farmland is a frequent occurrence in South-East Queensland (SEQ), Australia. This work reports on data collected from 10 to 30 September 2011, which covers the days before (10–14 September), during (15–20 September) and after (21–30 September) a period of biomass burning in SEQ. The aim of this project was to comprehensively quantify the impact of the biomass burning on air quality in Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland. A multi-parameter field measurement campaign was conducted and ambient air quality data from 13 monitoring stations across SEQ were analysed. During the burning period, the average concentrations of all measured pollutants increased (from 20% to 430%) compared to the non-burning period (both before and after burning), except for total xylenes. The average concentration of O3, NO2, SO2, benzene, formaldehyde, PM10, PM2.5 and visibility-reducing particles reached their highest levels for the year, which were up to 10 times higher than annual average levels, while PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 concentrations exceeded the WHO 24-hour guidelines and O3 concentration exceeded the WHO maximum 8-hour average threshold during the burning period. Overall spatial variations showed that all measured pollutants, with the exception of O3, were closer to spatial homogeneity during the burning compared to the non-burning period. In addition to the above, elevated concentrations of three biomass burning organic tracers (levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan), together with the amount of non-refractory organic particles (PM1) and the average value of f60 (attributed to levoglucosan), reinforce that elevated pollutant concentration levels were due to emissions from open biomass burning events, 70% of which were prescribed burning events. This study, which is the first and most comprehensive of its kind in Australia, provides quantitative evidence of the significant impact of open biomass burning events, especially prescribed burning, on urban air quality. The current results provide a solid platform for more detailed health and modelling investigations in the future.}, keywords = {Aerosol, Aerosol mass spectrometry, Air pollutant, Bushfire, Particle, Wildfire}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Open biomass burning from wildfires and the prescribed burning of forests and farmland is a frequent occurrence in South-East Queensland (SEQ), Australia. This work reports on data collected from 10 to 30 September 2011, which covers the days before (10–14 September), during (15–20 September) and after (21–30 September) a period of biomass burning in SEQ. The aim of this project was to comprehensively quantify the impact of the biomass burning on air quality in Brisbane, the capital city of Queensland. A multi-parameter field measurement campaign was conducted and ambient air quality data from 13 monitoring stations across SEQ were analysed. During the burning period, the average concentrations of all measured pollutants increased (from 20% to 430%) compared to the non-burning period (both before and after burning), except for total xylenes. The average concentration of O3, NO2, SO2, benzene, formaldehyde, PM10, PM2.5 and visibility-reducing particles reached their highest levels for the year, which were up to 10 times higher than annual average levels, while PM10, PM2.5 and SO2 concentrations exceeded the WHO 24-hour guidelines and O3 concentration exceeded the WHO maximum 8-hour average threshold during the burning period. Overall spatial variations showed that all measured pollutants, with the exception of O3, were closer to spatial homogeneity during the burning compared to the non-burning period. In addition to the above, elevated concentrations of three biomass burning organic tracers (levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan), together with the amount of non-refractory organic particles (PM1) and the average value of f60 (attributed to levoglucosan), reinforce that elevated pollutant concentration levels were due to emissions from open biomass burning events, 70% of which were prescribed burning events. This study, which is the first and most comprehensive of its kind in Australia, provides quantitative evidence of the significant impact of open biomass burning events, especially prescribed burning, on urban air quality. The current results provide a solid platform for more detailed health and modelling investigations in the future. |
Rizk, Malak; Verriele, Marie; Mendez, Maxence; Blond, Nadège; Dusanter, Sébastien; Schoemaecker, Coralie; Blondeau, Patrice; Calvé, Stéphane Le; Locoge, Nadine Fast sorption measurements of VOCs on building materials: Part 2 – Comparison between FLEC and CLIMPAQ methods Journal Article Building and Environment, 99 , pp. 239 - 251, 2016, ISSN: 0360-1323. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Building materials, CLIMPAQ, FLEC, Indoor air quality, Model, Sorption @article{RIZK2016239, title = {Fast sorption measurements of VOCs on building materials: Part 2 – Comparison between FLEC and CLIMPAQ methods}, author = {Malak Rizk and Marie Verriele and Maxence Mendez and Nadège Blond and Sébastien Dusanter and Coralie Schoemaecker and Patrice Blondeau and Stéphane Le Calvé and Nadine Locoge}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132315302146}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.12.016}, issn = {0360-1323}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Building and Environment}, volume = {99}, pages = {239 - 251}, abstract = {A new method was developed to measure on the field VOC sorption coefficients (ka; kd) on the surface of a material by coupling a Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) to a Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) as presented in the first part of this study. In this second part, the method is compared to the classical method based on a CLIMPAQ chamber coupled to an on-line GC analyzer. Different models were used to determine the sorption parameters from experimental data taking into account the sink effect on empty chamber walls and the presence of a boundary-layer. Determined sorption equilibrium coefficients Ke (ka/kd) for a mixture of BTEX on a gypsum board was found to be in good agreement between both methods. However, the CLIMPAQ method seems to be less robust than the FLEC method in the determination of sorption coefficients since more than one couple of (ka; kd), showing the same ratio Ke can retrieve the same CLIMPAQ experimental data. Giving this result, the question arises about the reliability of the literature data determined using emission test chamber which could be one of the reasons behind the discrepancies found between experimental indoor concentrations and predicted ones using chamber derived parameters.}, keywords = {Building materials, CLIMPAQ, FLEC, Indoor air quality, Model, Sorption}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A new method was developed to measure on the field VOC sorption coefficients (ka; kd) on the surface of a material by coupling a Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) to a Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) as presented in the first part of this study. In this second part, the method is compared to the classical method based on a CLIMPAQ chamber coupled to an on-line GC analyzer. Different models were used to determine the sorption parameters from experimental data taking into account the sink effect on empty chamber walls and the presence of a boundary-layer. Determined sorption equilibrium coefficients Ke (ka/kd) for a mixture of BTEX on a gypsum board was found to be in good agreement between both methods. However, the CLIMPAQ method seems to be less robust than the FLEC method in the determination of sorption coefficients since more than one couple of (ka; kd), showing the same ratio Ke can retrieve the same CLIMPAQ experimental data. Giving this result, the question arises about the reliability of the literature data determined using emission test chamber which could be one of the reasons behind the discrepancies found between experimental indoor concentrations and predicted ones using chamber derived parameters. |
Rizk, M; Verriele, M; Dusanter, S; Schoemaecker, C; Calve, Le S; Locoge, N Fast sorption measurements of volatile organic compounds on building materials: Part 1 – Methodology developed for field applications Journal Article Data in Brief, 6 , pp. 953 - 958, 2016, ISSN: 2352-3409. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: @article{RIZK2016953, title = {Fast sorption measurements of volatile organic compounds on building materials: Part 1 – Methodology developed for field applications}, author = {M Rizk and M Verriele and S Dusanter and C Schoemaecker and Le S Calve and N Locoge}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352340916000172}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2016.01.011}, issn = {2352-3409}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Data in Brief}, volume = {6}, pages = {953 - 958}, abstract = {A Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) has been coupled to the outlet of a Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC), to measure volatile organic compounds (VOC) concentration during a sorption experiments (Rizk et al., this issue) [1]. The limits of detection of the PTR-MS for three VOCs are presented for different time resolution (2, 10 and 20s). The mass transfer coefficient was calculated in the FLEC cavity for the different flow rates. The concentration profile obtained from a sorption experiment performed on a gypsum board and a vinyl flooring are also presented in comparison with the profile obtained for a Pyrex glass used as a material that do not present any sorption behavior (no sink). Finally, the correlation between the concentration of VOCs adsorbed on the surface of the gypsum board at equilibrium (Cse) and the concentration of VOCs Ce measured in the gas phase at equilibrium is presented for benzene, C8 aromatics and toluene.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } A Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS) has been coupled to the outlet of a Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC), to measure volatile organic compounds (VOC) concentration during a sorption experiments (Rizk et al., this issue) [1]. The limits of detection of the PTR-MS for three VOCs are presented for different time resolution (2, 10 and 20s). The mass transfer coefficient was calculated in the FLEC cavity for the different flow rates. The concentration profile obtained from a sorption experiment performed on a gypsum board and a vinyl flooring are also presented in comparison with the profile obtained for a Pyrex glass used as a material that do not present any sorption behavior (no sink). Finally, the correlation between the concentration of VOCs adsorbed on the surface of the gypsum board at equilibrium (Cse) and the concentration of VOCs Ce measured in the gas phase at equilibrium is presented for benzene, C8 aromatics and toluene. |
Rizk, M; Verriele, M; Dusanter, S; Schoemaecker, C; calve, Le S; Locoge, N Fast sorption measurements of volatile organic compounds on building materials: Part 1 – Methodology developed for field applications Journal Article Building and Environment, 99 , pp. 200 - 209, 2016, ISSN: 0360-1323. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Building materials, Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC), Proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer (PTR-MS), Sorption, VOCs @article{RIZK2016200, title = {Fast sorption measurements of volatile organic compounds on building materials: Part 1 – Methodology developed for field applications}, author = {M Rizk and M Verriele and S Dusanter and C Schoemaecker and Le S calve and N Locoge}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132315302158}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.12.017}, issn = {0360-1323}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Building and Environment}, volume = {99}, pages = {200 - 209}, abstract = {Several physicochemical processes occurring within buildings are key drivers of indoor concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds VOCs. Many models and experimental studies have been proposed to predict VOCs concentration indoors given these processes. However, there is a lack of representative data in literature to present gas–surface interaction in order to validate mathematical models. This work is divided in two parts and aims to develop and validate a method to perform fast measurements of VOC sorption parameters on the field by coupling a Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) to a Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS). In the part 1 of the work, sorption coefficients of aromatic compounds on a gypsum board and vinyl flooring were investigated at ppb levels to test and evaluate the proposed methodology. Sorption coefficients in the range of 0.03–1.88 m h−1 for ka and 2.04–17.32 h−1 for kd were successfully measured within a (0.5–8 h) for the two materials. Robustness tests highlight that the determination of sorption coefficients does not depend on operating conditions. While sorption coefficients for the gypsum board were measured with a PTR-MS time resolution of 20 s, the vinyl flooring material required measurements at a higher time resolution of 2 s due to its lower sorption properties. Limits of applicability assessed for this method indicate that sets of sorption parameters (ka, kd) of (0.01 m h−1; 0.01 h−1) and (0.09 m h−1; 0.09 h−1) can be measured with an accuracy better than 10% at time resolutions of 2 and 20 s respectively.}, keywords = {Building materials, Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC), Proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer (PTR-MS), Sorption, VOCs}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Several physicochemical processes occurring within buildings are key drivers of indoor concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds VOCs. Many models and experimental studies have been proposed to predict VOCs concentration indoors given these processes. However, there is a lack of representative data in literature to present gas–surface interaction in order to validate mathematical models. This work is divided in two parts and aims to develop and validate a method to perform fast measurements of VOC sorption parameters on the field by coupling a Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) to a Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometer (PTR-MS). In the part 1 of the work, sorption coefficients of aromatic compounds on a gypsum board and vinyl flooring were investigated at ppb levels to test and evaluate the proposed methodology. Sorption coefficients in the range of 0.03–1.88 m h−1 for ka and 2.04–17.32 h−1 for kd were successfully measured within a (0.5–8 h) for the two materials. Robustness tests highlight that the determination of sorption coefficients does not depend on operating conditions. While sorption coefficients for the gypsum board were measured with a PTR-MS time resolution of 20 s, the vinyl flooring material required measurements at a higher time resolution of 2 s due to its lower sorption properties. Limits of applicability assessed for this method indicate that sets of sorption parameters (ka, kd) of (0.01 m h−1; 0.01 h−1) and (0.09 m h−1; 0.09 h−1) can be measured with an accuracy better than 10% at time resolutions of 2 and 20 s respectively. |
Jeon, Seunghwan; Kim, Ki-Tae; Choi, Kyungho Migration of DEHP and DINP into dust from PVC flooring products at different surface temperature Journal Article Science of The Total Environment, 547 , pp. 441 - 446, 2016, ISSN: 0048-9697. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), Dust, Heating, Migration, Phthalates @article{JEON2016441, title = {Migration of DEHP and DINP into dust from PVC flooring products at different surface temperature}, author = {Seunghwan Jeon and Ki-Tae Kim and Kyungho Choi}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969715312900}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.135}, issn = {0048-9697}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, volume = {547}, pages = {441 - 446}, abstract = {Phthalates are important endocrine disrupting chemicals that have been linked to various adverse human health effects. Phthalates are ubiquitously present in indoor environment and could enter humans. Vinyl or PVC floorings have been recognized as one of important sources of phthalate release to indoor environment including house dust. In the present study, we estimated the migration of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) from the flooring materials into the dust under different heating conditions. For this purpose, a small chamber specifically designed for the present study and a Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) were used, and four major types of PVC flooring samples including two UV curing paint coated, an uncoated residential, and a wax-coated commercial type were tested. Migration of DEHP was observed for an uncoated residential type and a wax-coated commercial type flooring. After 14days of incubation, the levels of DEHP in the dust sample was determined at room temperature on average (standard deviation) at 384±19 and 481±53μg/g, respectively. In contrast, migration of DINP was not observed. The migration of DEHP was strongly influenced by surface characteristics such as UV curing coating. In the residential flooring coated with UV curing paint, migration of DEHP was not observed at room temperature. But under the heated condition, the release of DEHP was observed in the dust in the FLEC. Migration of DEHP from flooring materials increased when the flooring was heated (50°C). In Korea, heated flooring system, or ‘ondol’, is very common mode of heating in residential setting, therefore the contribution of PVC flooring to the total indoor DEHP exposure among general population is expected to be greater especially during winter season when the floor is heated.}, keywords = {Di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), Dust, Heating, Migration, Phthalates}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Phthalates are important endocrine disrupting chemicals that have been linked to various adverse human health effects. Phthalates are ubiquitously present in indoor environment and could enter humans. Vinyl or PVC floorings have been recognized as one of important sources of phthalate release to indoor environment including house dust. In the present study, we estimated the migration of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) and di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) from the flooring materials into the dust under different heating conditions. For this purpose, a small chamber specifically designed for the present study and a Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC) were used, and four major types of PVC flooring samples including two UV curing paint coated, an uncoated residential, and a wax-coated commercial type were tested. Migration of DEHP was observed for an uncoated residential type and a wax-coated commercial type flooring. After 14days of incubation, the levels of DEHP in the dust sample was determined at room temperature on average (standard deviation) at 384±19 and 481±53μg/g, respectively. In contrast, migration of DINP was not observed. The migration of DEHP was strongly influenced by surface characteristics such as UV curing coating. In the residential flooring coated with UV curing paint, migration of DEHP was not observed at room temperature. But under the heated condition, the release of DEHP was observed in the dust in the FLEC. Migration of DEHP from flooring materials increased when the flooring was heated (50°C). In Korea, heated flooring system, or ‘ondol’, is very common mode of heating in residential setting, therefore the contribution of PVC flooring to the total indoor DEHP exposure among general population is expected to be greater especially during winter season when the floor is heated. |
Lyng, Nadja Lynge; Gunnarsen, Lars; Andersen, Helle Vibeke; Kofoed-Sørensen, Vivi; Clausen, Per Axel Measurement of PCB emissions from building surfaces using a novel portable emission test cell Journal Article Building and Environment, 101 , pp. 77 - 84, 2016, ISSN: 0360-1323. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Building materials, emission rate, Emission test cell, Indoor air, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Semivolatile organic compound (SVOCs) @article{LYNG201677, title = {Measurement of PCB emissions from building surfaces using a novel portable emission test cell}, author = {Nadja Lynge Lyng and Lars Gunnarsen and Helle Vibeke Andersen and Vivi Kofoed-Sørensen and Per Axel Clausen}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036013231630049X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.02.011}, issn = {0360-1323}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Building and Environment}, volume = {101}, pages = {77 - 84}, abstract = {Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used in building materials like caulks and paints from 1930–1970s and in some cases that caused elevated PCB concentrations in the indoor air at levels considered harmful to occupant health. PCBs are semivolatile organic compounds and capable of spreading from the original source to adjacent materials, indoor air and via adsorption from the air to indoor surfaces, causing secondary contaminations. Remediation of buildings with unsatisfactory indoor air concentrations is a complex and difficult task due to the secondary contamination of building materials and there is a need to prioritise remediation measures on different materials. An inexpensive and portable emission test cell was developed to resemble indoor conditions in relation to the area specific ventilation rate. Emissions were measured using the test cell in the laboratory on freshly made PCB paint. Further, the chamber was used for determining emissions from PCB-containing building materials in the field as well as remediated walls. The measurements showed that sorption of PCBs to chamber walls was insignificant after 2–4 days of exposure to the source. Over a period of two weeks emission rates did not change from any of the tested surfaces, however in the laboratory experiment emission rates decreased over a longer period (48 days) and was most pronounced for the lower chlorinated PCBs.}, keywords = {Building materials, emission rate, Emission test cell, Indoor air, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Semivolatile organic compound (SVOCs)}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were used in building materials like caulks and paints from 1930–1970s and in some cases that caused elevated PCB concentrations in the indoor air at levels considered harmful to occupant health. PCBs are semivolatile organic compounds and capable of spreading from the original source to adjacent materials, indoor air and via adsorption from the air to indoor surfaces, causing secondary contaminations. Remediation of buildings with unsatisfactory indoor air concentrations is a complex and difficult task due to the secondary contamination of building materials and there is a need to prioritise remediation measures on different materials. An inexpensive and portable emission test cell was developed to resemble indoor conditions in relation to the area specific ventilation rate. Emissions were measured using the test cell in the laboratory on freshly made PCB paint. Further, the chamber was used for determining emissions from PCB-containing building materials in the field as well as remediated walls. The measurements showed that sorption of PCBs to chamber walls was insignificant after 2–4 days of exposure to the source. Over a period of two weeks emission rates did not change from any of the tested surfaces, however in the laboratory experiment emission rates decreased over a longer period (48 days) and was most pronounced for the lower chlorinated PCBs. |
Kalimeri, Krystallia K; Saraga, Dikaia E; Lazaridis, Vasileios D; Legkas, Nikolaos A; Missia, Dafni A; Tolis, Evangelos I; Bartzis, John G Atmospheric Pollution Research, 7 (6), pp. 1128 - 1142, 2016, ISSN: 1309-1042. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Building material emissions, Children, Exposure, Indoor air quality, School buildings, Ventilation @article{KALIMERI20161128, title = {Indoor air quality investigation of the school environment and estimated health risks: Two-season measurements in primary schools in Kozani, Greece}, author = {Krystallia K Kalimeri and Dikaia E Saraga and Vasileios D Lazaridis and Nikolaos A Legkas and Dafni A Missia and Evangelos I Tolis and John G Bartzis}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1309104216300538}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2016.07.002}, issn = {1309-1042}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Pollution Research}, volume = {7}, number = {6}, pages = {1128 - 1142}, abstract = {Two primary schools and one kindergarten were selected in the city of Kozani, Greece in order to investigate the school environment, the indoor air pollutants that children are exposed to and possible health risks at school. In each school three classrooms and one outdoor position were monitored from Monday to Friday, in both non-heating (26/09/2011–14/10/2011) and heating (23/01/2012–10/02/2012) period. Temperature, relative humidity and CO2, were continuously monitored. Formaldehyde, benzene, trichloroethylene, pinene, limonene, NO2 and O3 were measured with diffusive samplers. CO was monitored every day (30 min/day). Radon was measured for four weeks with short term radon detectors. PM2.5 was gravimetrically determined while PM2.5 and PM10 fractions were measured using the optical light scattering technique. Building material emission testing for VOCs was performed using the Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC). The ventilation rate for each classroom was calculated based on the CO2 measurements. Results indicated that indoor air concentrations of the measured pollutants were within accepted limits with indicative ranges 1.5–9.4 μg/m3 for benzene, 2.3–28.5 μg/m3 for formaldehyde, 4.6–43 μg/m3 for NO2 and 0.1–15.6 μg/m3 for O3. Emissions from building materials seem to have a significant contribution to the indoor air quality. Very low ventilation rates (0.1–3.7 L/s per person) were observed, indicating inadequate ventilation and possible indoor air quality problems requiring intervention measures. The estimated average lifetime cancer risks for benzene, formaldehyde and trichloroethylene were very low.}, keywords = {Building material emissions, Children, Exposure, Indoor air quality, School buildings, Ventilation}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Two primary schools and one kindergarten were selected in the city of Kozani, Greece in order to investigate the school environment, the indoor air pollutants that children are exposed to and possible health risks at school. In each school three classrooms and one outdoor position were monitored from Monday to Friday, in both non-heating (26/09/2011–14/10/2011) and heating (23/01/2012–10/02/2012) period. Temperature, relative humidity and CO2, were continuously monitored. Formaldehyde, benzene, trichloroethylene, pinene, limonene, NO2 and O3 were measured with diffusive samplers. CO was monitored every day (30 min/day). Radon was measured for four weeks with short term radon detectors. PM2.5 was gravimetrically determined while PM2.5 and PM10 fractions were measured using the optical light scattering technique. Building material emission testing for VOCs was performed using the Field and Laboratory Emission Cell (FLEC). The ventilation rate for each classroom was calculated based on the CO2 measurements. Results indicated that indoor air concentrations of the measured pollutants were within accepted limits with indicative ranges 1.5–9.4 μg/m3 for benzene, 2.3–28.5 μg/m3 for formaldehyde, 4.6–43 μg/m3 for NO2 and 0.1–15.6 μg/m3 for O3. Emissions from building materials seem to have a significant contribution to the indoor air quality. Very low ventilation rates (0.1–3.7 L/s per person) were observed, indicating inadequate ventilation and possible indoor air quality problems requiring intervention measures. The estimated average lifetime cancer risks for benzene, formaldehyde and trichloroethylene were very low. |
Wu, Yaoxing; Cox, Steven S; Xu, Ying; Liang, Yirui; Won, Doyun; Liu, Xiaoyu; Clausen, Per A; Rosell, Lars; Benning, Jennifer L; Zhang, Yinping; Little, John C A reference method for measuring emissions of SVOCs in small chambers Journal Article Building and Environment, 95 , pp. 126 - 132, 2016, ISSN: 0360-1323. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: DEHP, Inter-laboratory study, Phthalates, Reference method, Semi-volatile organic compounds @article{WU2016126, title = {A reference method for measuring emissions of SVOCs in small chambers}, author = {Yaoxing Wu and Steven S Cox and Ying Xu and Yirui Liang and Doyun Won and Xiaoyu Liu and Per A Clausen and Lars Rosell and Jennifer L Benning and Yinping Zhang and John C Little}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132315301062}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.08.025}, issn = {0360-1323}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Building and Environment}, volume = {95}, pages = {126 - 132}, abstract = {Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are indoor air pollutants that may have significant adverse effects on human health. Although emissions of volatile chemicals from building materials and consumer products are usually characterized in small chambers, few chamber studies have been conducted for SVOCs due to the challenges associated with analysis and the lack of validation procedures. There is an urgent need for a reliable and accurate chamber test method to verify these measurements. A reference method employing a specially-designed chamber has been developed and is undergoing extensive evaluation. A pilot inter-laboratory study (ILS) has been conducted with six laboratories performing chamber tests under identical conditions for di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Results from this study showed inter-laboratory variations of 24% for DEHP emission rates, with closer agreement observed among intra-laboratory measurements for most of the participating laboratories. A mechanistic emission model fits well to the measured concentration profiles, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed reference method to independently assess laboratory performance and validate SVOC emission tests.}, keywords = {DEHP, Inter-laboratory study, Phthalates, Reference method, Semi-volatile organic compounds}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are indoor air pollutants that may have significant adverse effects on human health. Although emissions of volatile chemicals from building materials and consumer products are usually characterized in small chambers, few chamber studies have been conducted for SVOCs due to the challenges associated with analysis and the lack of validation procedures. There is an urgent need for a reliable and accurate chamber test method to verify these measurements. A reference method employing a specially-designed chamber has been developed and is undergoing extensive evaluation. A pilot inter-laboratory study (ILS) has been conducted with six laboratories performing chamber tests under identical conditions for di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). Results from this study showed inter-laboratory variations of 24% for DEHP emission rates, with closer agreement observed among intra-laboratory measurements for most of the participating laboratories. A mechanistic emission model fits well to the measured concentration profiles, demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed reference method to independently assess laboratory performance and validate SVOC emission tests. |
Liu, Xiaoyu; Allen, Matthew R; Roache, Nancy F Characterization of organophosphorus flame retardants’ sorption on building materials and consumer products Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 140 , pp. 333 - 341, 2016, ISSN: 1352-2310. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Material-air partition coefficient, Material-phase diffusion coefficient, Organophosphorus flame retardants, Sink, Sorption strength @article{LIU2016333, title = {Characterization of organophosphorus flame retardants’ sorption on building materials and consumer products}, author = {Xiaoyu Liu and Matthew R Allen and Nancy F Roache}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231016304514}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2016.06.019}, issn = {1352-2310}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {140}, pages = {333 - 341}, abstract = {Better understanding the transport mechanisms of organophosphorus flame-retardants (OPFRs) in the residential environment is important to more accurately estimate their indoor exposure and develop risk management strategies that protect human health. This study describes an improved dual small chamber testing method to characterize the sorption of OPFRs on indoor building materials and consumer products. The OPFRs studied were tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP). The test materials and products used as sinks include concrete, ceiling tile, vinyl flooring, carpet, latex painted gypsum wallboard, open cell polyurethane foam, mattress pad and liner, polyester clothing, cotton clothing, and uniform shirt. During the tests, the amount of OPFRs absorbed by the materials at different exposure times was determined simultaneously. OPFRs air concentrations at the inlet and inside the test chamber were monitored. The data were used to rank the sorption strength of the OPFRs on different materials. In general, building materials exhibited relatively stronger sorption strength than clothing textiles. The material-air partition and material phase diffusion coefficients were estimated by fitting a sink model to the sorption concentration data for twelve materials with three OPFRs. They are in the range of 2.72 × 105 to 3.99 × 108 (dimensionless) for the material-air partition coefficients and 1.13 × 10−14 to 5.83 × 10−9 (m2/h) for the material phase diffusion coefficients.}, keywords = {Material-air partition coefficient, Material-phase diffusion coefficient, Organophosphorus flame retardants, Sink, Sorption strength}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Better understanding the transport mechanisms of organophosphorus flame-retardants (OPFRs) in the residential environment is important to more accurately estimate their indoor exposure and develop risk management strategies that protect human health. This study describes an improved dual small chamber testing method to characterize the sorption of OPFRs on indoor building materials and consumer products. The OPFRs studied were tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCIPP), and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP). The test materials and products used as sinks include concrete, ceiling tile, vinyl flooring, carpet, latex painted gypsum wallboard, open cell polyurethane foam, mattress pad and liner, polyester clothing, cotton clothing, and uniform shirt. During the tests, the amount of OPFRs absorbed by the materials at different exposure times was determined simultaneously. OPFRs air concentrations at the inlet and inside the test chamber were monitored. The data were used to rank the sorption strength of the OPFRs on different materials. In general, building materials exhibited relatively stronger sorption strength than clothing textiles. The material-air partition and material phase diffusion coefficients were estimated by fitting a sink model to the sorption concentration data for twelve materials with three OPFRs. They are in the range of 2.72 × 105 to 3.99 × 108 (dimensionless) for the material-air partition coefficients and 1.13 × 10−14 to 5.83 × 10−9 (m2/h) for the material phase diffusion coefficients. |
Liu, Xiaoyu; Guo, Zhishi; Krebs, Kenneth A; Greenwell, Dale J; Roache, Nancy F; Stinson, Rayford A; Nardin, Joshua A; Pope, Robert H Laboratory study of PCB transport from primary sources to settled dust Journal Article Chemosphere, 149 , pp. 62 - 69, 2016, ISSN: 0045-6535. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Chamber testing, Dust/air partition, Dust/source partition, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Settled dust @article{LIU201662, title = {Laboratory study of PCB transport from primary sources to settled dust}, author = {Xiaoyu Liu and Zhishi Guo and Kenneth A Krebs and Dale J Greenwell and Nancy F Roache and Rayford A Stinson and Joshua A Nardin and Robert H Pope}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653516300753}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.01.075}, issn = {0045-6535}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Chemosphere}, volume = {149}, pages = {62 - 69}, abstract = {Dust is an important sink for indoor air pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that were used in building materials and products. In this study, two types of dust, house dust and Arizona Test Dust, were tested in a 30-m3 stainless steel chamber with two types of panels. The PCB-containing panels were aluminum sheets coated with a PCB-spiked primer or caulk. The PCB-free panels were coated with the same materials but without PCBs. The dust evenly spread on each panel was collected at different times to determine its PCB content. The data from the PCB panels were used to evaluate the PCB migration from the source to the dust through direct contact, and the data from the PCB-free panels were used to evaluate the sorption of PCBs through the dust/air partition. Settled dust can adsorb PCBs from air. The sorption concentration was dependent on the congener concentration in the air and favored less volatile congeners. When the house dust was in direct contact with the PCB-containing panel, PCBs migrated into the dust at a much faster rate than the PCB transfer rate due to the dust/air partition. The dust/source partition was not significantly affected by the congener's volatility. For a given congener, the ratio between its concentration in the dust and in the source was used to estimate the dust/source partition coefficient. The estimated values ranged from 0.04 to 0.16. These values are indicative of the sink strength of the tested house dust being in the middle or lower-middle range.}, keywords = {Chamber testing, Dust/air partition, Dust/source partition, Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Settled dust}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Dust is an important sink for indoor air pollutants, such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) that were used in building materials and products. In this study, two types of dust, house dust and Arizona Test Dust, were tested in a 30-m3 stainless steel chamber with two types of panels. The PCB-containing panels were aluminum sheets coated with a PCB-spiked primer or caulk. The PCB-free panels were coated with the same materials but without PCBs. The dust evenly spread on each panel was collected at different times to determine its PCB content. The data from the PCB panels were used to evaluate the PCB migration from the source to the dust through direct contact, and the data from the PCB-free panels were used to evaluate the sorption of PCBs through the dust/air partition. Settled dust can adsorb PCBs from air. The sorption concentration was dependent on the congener concentration in the air and favored less volatile congeners. When the house dust was in direct contact with the PCB-containing panel, PCBs migrated into the dust at a much faster rate than the PCB transfer rate due to the dust/air partition. The dust/source partition was not significantly affected by the congener's volatility. For a given congener, the ratio between its concentration in the dust and in the source was used to estimate the dust/source partition coefficient. The estimated values ranged from 0.04 to 0.16. These values are indicative of the sink strength of the tested house dust being in the middle or lower-middle range. |
Noguchi, Miyuki; Yamasaki, Akihiro Passive flux sampler measurements of emission rates of phthalates from poly(vinyl chloride) sheets Journal Article Building and Environment, 100 , pp. 197 - 202, 2016, ISSN: 0360-1323. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: emission rate, Sampling, Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) @article{NOGUCHI2016197, title = {Passive flux sampler measurements of emission rates of phthalates from poly(vinyl chloride) sheets}, author = {Miyuki Noguchi and Akihiro Yamasaki}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360132316300634}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2016.02.019}, issn = {0360-1323}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Building and Environment}, volume = {100}, pages = {197 - 202}, abstract = {Emission rates of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) sheets containing DEHP as a plasticizer at various contents (0.16%–32.3%) were measured using the passive gas flux sampling method. The gas sampler was made of Pyrex glass and had a glass fiber filter inside. The sampler was placed on the surface of a PVC sheet for a given sampling period (up to 24 h), then the DEHP captured by the glass fiber filter was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The sampling temperature was 50 °C. The surface concentration y0 (the DEHP concentration in the gas immediately adjacent to the surface of the PVC sheet) was determined from the experimental results and a transient DEHP emission model. The surface concentrations that were found agreed with values that have previously been published, most of which were determined in chamber emission experiments that require a longer test period than was used here. The method presented therefore allows the surface concentration y0, which is considered to be one of the most important parameters determining SVOC emissions from solids such as PVC sheets, to be determined quickly and simply. The experimentally determined surface concentrations and the DEHP contents of the PVC sheets that were used correlated well.}, keywords = {emission rate, Sampling, Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs)}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Emission rates of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) from poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) sheets containing DEHP as a plasticizer at various contents (0.16%–32.3%) were measured using the passive gas flux sampling method. The gas sampler was made of Pyrex glass and had a glass fiber filter inside. The sampler was placed on the surface of a PVC sheet for a given sampling period (up to 24 h), then the DEHP captured by the glass fiber filter was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The sampling temperature was 50 °C. The surface concentration y0 (the DEHP concentration in the gas immediately adjacent to the surface of the PVC sheet) was determined from the experimental results and a transient DEHP emission model. The surface concentrations that were found agreed with values that have previously been published, most of which were determined in chamber emission experiments that require a longer test period than was used here. The method presented therefore allows the surface concentration y0, which is considered to be one of the most important parameters determining SVOC emissions from solids such as PVC sheets, to be determined quickly and simply. The experimentally determined surface concentrations and the DEHP contents of the PVC sheets that were used correlated well. |
Harb, P; Sivachandiran, L; Gaudion, V; Thevenet, F; Locoge, N The 40m3 Innovative experimental Room for INdoor Air studies (IRINA): Development and validations Journal Article Chemical Engineering Journal, 306 , pp. 568 - 578, 2016, ISSN: 1385-8947. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Environmental conditions, Experimental chambers, Indoor air, VOC @article{HARB2016568, title = {The 40m3 Innovative experimental Room for INdoor Air studies (IRINA): Development and validations}, author = {P Harb and L Sivachandiran and V Gaudion and F Thevenet and N Locoge}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1385894716310488}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2016.07.102}, issn = {1385-8947}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-01-01}, journal = {Chemical Engineering Journal}, volume = {306}, pages = {568 - 578}, abstract = {Over the last 30years, several experimental chambers were developed and implemented for indoor air studies. Yet, they were not all representative of real indoor air conditions. Either they did not have sufficient volumes or they were hindered by difficulties to control experimental conditions and air exchange rates. In this context, a 40m3 Innovative experimental Room for Indoor Air studies (IRINA) has been developed and validated at Mines Douai (Atmospheric Sciences et Environmental Engineering department (SAGE)) to overcome these drawbacks and above all to perform reproducible indoor air studies avoiding any possible experimental biases. IRINA inner walls are covered with aluminum foils. The room is operated in a closed mode and is equipped with a VOC injection system that relies on the heated and pressurized injection of vaporized VOC. IRINA is also equipped with analytical instruments that allow the analysis of both gas (online and offline measurements) and particle phases. IRINA validation evidenced that: (i) the air exchange rate of the room is well controlled over an one year timespan; (ii) both gaseous and particulate background levels in IRINA remain lower than typical indoor air conditions; (iii) fast homogenization of injected VOC concentrations is reached in the room; (iv) adsorption phenomena on IRINA walls are limited; and (v) there is no VOC matrix impact regarding individual VOC decays. The modelling of VOC natural decay in IRINA based on the new INCA-Indoor model showed that the VOC removal in IRINA is mainly due to the air exchange rate.}, keywords = {Environmental conditions, Experimental chambers, Indoor air, VOC}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Over the last 30years, several experimental chambers were developed and implemented for indoor air studies. Yet, they were not all representative of real indoor air conditions. Either they did not have sufficient volumes or they were hindered by difficulties to control experimental conditions and air exchange rates. In this context, a 40m3 Innovative experimental Room for Indoor Air studies (IRINA) has been developed and validated at Mines Douai (Atmospheric Sciences et Environmental Engineering department (SAGE)) to overcome these drawbacks and above all to perform reproducible indoor air studies avoiding any possible experimental biases. IRINA inner walls are covered with aluminum foils. The room is operated in a closed mode and is equipped with a VOC injection system that relies on the heated and pressurized injection of vaporized VOC. IRINA is also equipped with analytical instruments that allow the analysis of both gas (online and offline measurements) and particle phases. IRINA validation evidenced that: (i) the air exchange rate of the room is well controlled over an one year timespan; (ii) both gaseous and particulate background levels in IRINA remain lower than typical indoor air conditions; (iii) fast homogenization of injected VOC concentrations is reached in the room; (iv) adsorption phenomena on IRINA walls are limited; and (v) there is no VOC matrix impact regarding individual VOC decays. The modelling of VOC natural decay in IRINA based on the new INCA-Indoor model showed that the VOC removal in IRINA is mainly due to the air exchange rate. |
2015 |
Li, Zhen-Xing; Zhong, Ting-Shu; Niu, Jian-Lei; Xiao, Fu; Zhang, Li-Zhi Conjugate heat and mass transfer in a total heat exchanger with cross-corrugated triangular ducts and one-step made asymmetric membranes Journal Article International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 84 , pp. 390 - 400, 2015, ISSN: 0017-9310. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Asymmetric membrane, Conjugate heat and mass transfer, Cross-corrugated triangular ducts, Total heat exchanger @article{LI2015390, title = {Conjugate heat and mass transfer in a total heat exchanger with cross-corrugated triangular ducts and one-step made asymmetric membranes}, author = {Zhen-Xing Li and Ting-Shu Zhong and Jian-Lei Niu and Fu Xiao and Li-Zhi Zhang}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0017931015000393}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.01.032}, issn = {0017-9310}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer}, volume = {84}, pages = {390 - 400}, abstract = {Membrane-based total heat exchanger is a device to recover both sensible heat and moisture from exhaust air stream from a building. Heat and mass transfer intensification has been undertaken by using a structure of cross-corrugated triangular ducts. To further intensify moisture transfer, recently developed membranes-one step made asymmetric membranes, are used as the exchanger materials. Conjugate heat and mass transfer under transitional flow regime in this total heat exchanger are investigated. Contrary to the traditional methods of assuming a uniform temperature (concentration) or a uniform heat flux (mass flux) boundary condition, in this study, the real boundary conditions on the exchanger surfaces are obtained by the numerical solution of the coupled equations that govern the transfer of momentum, energy and moisture in the two air streams and in the membrane materials. The naturally formed heat and mass boundary conditions are then used to calculate the local and mean Nusselt and Sherwood numbers along the exchanger ducts, in the heat and mass developing regions. The data are compared with those results under uniform temperature (concentration) and uniform heat flux (mass flux) boundary conditions, for cross-corrugated triangular ducts with typical duct apex angles of 60° and 90°.}, keywords = {Asymmetric membrane, Conjugate heat and mass transfer, Cross-corrugated triangular ducts, Total heat exchanger}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Membrane-based total heat exchanger is a device to recover both sensible heat and moisture from exhaust air stream from a building. Heat and mass transfer intensification has been undertaken by using a structure of cross-corrugated triangular ducts. To further intensify moisture transfer, recently developed membranes-one step made asymmetric membranes, are used as the exchanger materials. Conjugate heat and mass transfer under transitional flow regime in this total heat exchanger are investigated. Contrary to the traditional methods of assuming a uniform temperature (concentration) or a uniform heat flux (mass flux) boundary condition, in this study, the real boundary conditions on the exchanger surfaces are obtained by the numerical solution of the coupled equations that govern the transfer of momentum, energy and moisture in the two air streams and in the membrane materials. The naturally formed heat and mass boundary conditions are then used to calculate the local and mean Nusselt and Sherwood numbers along the exchanger ducts, in the heat and mass developing regions. The data are compared with those results under uniform temperature (concentration) and uniform heat flux (mass flux) boundary conditions, for cross-corrugated triangular ducts with typical duct apex angles of 60° and 90°. |
Kato, Shiro; Masuda, Yuki; Konishi, Morichika; Oikawa, Tadao Enantioselective analysis of d- and l-amino acids from mouse macrophages using high performance liquid chromatography Journal Article Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 116 , pp. 101 - 104, 2015, ISSN: 0731-7085, (Recent Advances on D-Amino Acid Research). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: -Amino acids, Enantioselective analysis, Immune cell, Macrophage, RAW 264.7 cell @article{KATO2015101, title = {Enantioselective analysis of d- and l-amino acids from mouse macrophages using high performance liquid chromatography}, author = {Shiro Kato and Yuki Masuda and Morichika Konishi and Tadao Oikawa}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0731708515002617}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2015.04.028}, issn = {0731-7085}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis}, volume = {116}, pages = {101 - 104}, abstract = {The intrinsic d-amino acid profile of mouse macrophages extracted from the peritoneal cavity was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Six d-amino acids (d-Asp, d-Ser, d-Ala, d-Leu, d-Gln and d-Lys) were detected in cell lysates of mouse macrophages. The content and the d/d+l ratio differed depending on the type of d-amino acid and were approximately 3.5–22nmol/g cells, and approximately 1–20%, respectively. The d-amino acid composition of RAW 264.7 cells, which is a model macrophage cell line, was similar to that of the mouse macrophage. These results suggest that macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells with macrophage-like functions have a similar d-amino acid profile.}, note = {Recent Advances on D-Amino Acid Research}, keywords = {-Amino acids, Enantioselective analysis, Immune cell, Macrophage, RAW 264.7 cell}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The intrinsic d-amino acid profile of mouse macrophages extracted from the peritoneal cavity was analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography. Six d-amino acids (d-Asp, d-Ser, d-Ala, d-Leu, d-Gln and d-Lys) were detected in cell lysates of mouse macrophages. The content and the d/d+l ratio differed depending on the type of d-amino acid and were approximately 3.5–22nmol/g cells, and approximately 1–20%, respectively. The d-amino acid composition of RAW 264.7 cells, which is a model macrophage cell line, was similar to that of the mouse macrophage. These results suggest that macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells with macrophage-like functions have a similar d-amino acid profile. |
Melgari, Dario; Zhang, Yihong; Harchi, Aziza El; Dempsey, Christopher E; Hancox, Jules C Molecular basis of hERG potassium channel blockade by the class Ic antiarrhythmic flecainide Journal Article Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 86 , pp. 42 - 53, 2015, ISSN: 0022-2828. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Flecainide, hERG, QT interval, Repolarization, Torsades de Pointes @article{MELGARI201542, title = {Molecular basis of hERG potassium channel blockade by the class Ic antiarrhythmic flecainide}, author = {Dario Melgari and Yihong Zhang and Aziza El Harchi and Christopher E Dempsey and Jules C Hancox}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022282815300055}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.06.021}, issn = {0022-2828}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology}, volume = {86}, pages = {42 - 53}, abstract = {The class Ic antiarrhythmic drug flecainide inhibits KCNH2-encoded “hERG” potassium channels at clinically relevant concentrations. The aim of this study was to elucidate the underlying molecular basis of this action. Patch clamp recordings of hERG current (IhERG) were made from hERG expressing cells at 37°C. Wild-type (WT) IhERG was inhibited with an IC50 of 1.49μM and this was not significantly altered by reversing the direction of K+ flux or raising external [K+]. The use of charged and uncharged flecainide analogues showed that the charged form of the drug accesses the channel from the cell interior to produce block. Promotion of WT IhERG inactivation slowed recovery from inhibition, whilst the N588K and S631A attenuated-inactivation mutants exhibited IC50 values 4–5 fold that of WT IhERG. The use of pore-helix/selectivity filter (T623A, S624A V625A) and S6 helix (G648A, Y652A, F656A) mutations showed <10-fold shifts in IC50 for all but V625A and F656A, which respectively exhibited IC50s 27-fold and 142-fold their WT controls. Docking simulations using a MthK-based homology model suggested an allosteric effect of V625A, since in low energy conformations flecainide lay too low in the pore to interact directly with that residue. On the other hand, the molecule could readily form π–π stacking interactions with aromatic residues and particularly with F656. We conclude that flecainide accesses the hERG channel from the cell interior on channel gating, binding low in the inner cavity, with the S6 F656 residue acting as a principal binding determinant.}, keywords = {Flecainide, hERG, QT interval, Repolarization, Torsades de Pointes}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The class Ic antiarrhythmic drug flecainide inhibits KCNH2-encoded “hERG” potassium channels at clinically relevant concentrations. The aim of this study was to elucidate the underlying molecular basis of this action. Patch clamp recordings of hERG current (IhERG) were made from hERG expressing cells at 37°C. Wild-type (WT) IhERG was inhibited with an IC50 of 1.49μM and this was not significantly altered by reversing the direction of K+ flux or raising external [K+]. The use of charged and uncharged flecainide analogues showed that the charged form of the drug accesses the channel from the cell interior to produce block. Promotion of WT IhERG inactivation slowed recovery from inhibition, whilst the N588K and S631A attenuated-inactivation mutants exhibited IC50 values 4–5 fold that of WT IhERG. The use of pore-helix/selectivity filter (T623A, S624A V625A) and S6 helix (G648A, Y652A, F656A) mutations showed <10-fold shifts in IC50 for all but V625A and F656A, which respectively exhibited IC50s 27-fold and 142-fold their WT controls. Docking simulations using a MthK-based homology model suggested an allosteric effect of V625A, since in low energy conformations flecainide lay too low in the pore to interact directly with that residue. On the other hand, the molecule could readily form π–π stacking interactions with aromatic residues and particularly with F656. We conclude that flecainide accesses the hERG channel from the cell interior on channel gating, binding low in the inner cavity, with the S6 F656 residue acting as a principal binding determinant. |
Kadri, Moutaz El; Yokokawa, Miki; Labounty, Troy; Mueller, Gisela; Crawford, Thomas; Good, Eric; Jongnarangsin, Krit; Chugh, Aman; Ghanbari, Hamid; Latchamsetty, Rakesh; Oral, Hakan; Pelosi, Frank; Morady, Fred; Bogun, Frank Effect of ablation of frequent premature ventricular complexes on left ventricular function in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy Journal Article Heart Rhythm, 12 (4), pp. 706 - 713, 2015, ISSN: 1547-5271. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Ablation, Nonischemic cardiomyopathy, Premature ventricular complex @article{ELKADRI2015706, title = {Effect of ablation of frequent premature ventricular complexes on left ventricular function in patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathy}, author = {Moutaz El Kadri and Miki Yokokawa and Troy Labounty and Gisela Mueller and Thomas Crawford and Eric Good and Krit Jongnarangsin and Aman Chugh and Hamid Ghanbari and Rakesh Latchamsetty and Hakan Oral and Frank Pelosi and Fred Morady and Frank Bogun}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1547527114014258}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2014.12.017}, issn = {1547-5271}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Heart Rhythm}, volume = {12}, number = {4}, pages = {706 - 713}, abstract = {Background Frequent idiopathic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) can result in PVC-induced cardiomyopathy. Frequent PVCs can also aggravate ischemic cardiomyopathy. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of frequent PVCs on nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods This was a consecutive series of 30 patients (mean age 59.1 ± 12.1; 18 men; mean ejection fraction [EF] 38% ± 15%) with structurally abnormal hearts based on the presence of scar on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and/or a history of cardiomyopathy before the presence of frequent PVCs who were referred for ablation of frequent PVCs. Results Ablation was successful in 18 of 30 patients (60%), resulting in an increase of mean EF from 33.9% ± 14.5% to 45.7% ± 17% (P < .0001) during mean follow-up of 30 ± 28 months. The PVC burden in these patients was reduced from 23.1% ± 8.8% to 1.0% ± 0.9% (P < .0001). Mean EF did not change in patients with a failed ablation procedure (44.4 ± 16 vs 43.5 ± 2}, keywords = {Ablation, Nonischemic cardiomyopathy, Premature ventricular complex}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Background Frequent idiopathic premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) can result in PVC-induced cardiomyopathy. Frequent PVCs can also aggravate ischemic cardiomyopathy. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of frequent PVCs on nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods This was a consecutive series of 30 patients (mean age 59.1 ± 12.1; 18 men; mean ejection fraction [EF] 38% ± 15%) with structurally abnormal hearts based on the presence of scar on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and/or a history of cardiomyopathy before the presence of frequent PVCs who were referred for ablation of frequent PVCs. Results Ablation was successful in 18 of 30 patients (60%), resulting in an increase of mean EF from 33.9% ± 14.5% to 45.7% ± 17% (P < .0001) during mean follow-up of 30 ± 28 months. The PVC burden in these patients was reduced from 23.1% ± 8.8% to 1.0% ± 0.9% (P < .0001). Mean EF did not change in patients with a failed ablation procedure (44.4 ± 16 vs 43.5 ± 2 |
Lin, Chi-Chi; Hsu, Shu-Chen Deposition velocities and impact of physical properties on ozone removal for building materials Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 101 , pp. 194 - 199, 2015, ISSN: 1352-2310. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Building materials, Deposition velocity, Ozone, Pore volume, Surface area @article{LIN2015194, title = {Deposition velocities and impact of physical properties on ozone removal for building materials}, author = {Chi-Chi Lin and Shu-Chen Hsu}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231014008887}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.11.029}, issn = {1352-2310}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {101}, pages = {194 - 199}, abstract = {This study aims to estimate the ozone deposition velocities of eight commonly used building materials (BMs) which include calcium silicate board (CSB), green calcium silicate board (GCSB), mineral fiber ceiling (MFC), green mineral fiber ceiling (GMFC), gypsum board (GB), green gypsum board (GGB), wooden flooring (WF) and green wooden flooring (GWF). In addition, the impact of physical properties (specific surface area and total pore volume of BM) on ozone removal ability was also explored and discussed. Studies were conducted in a small-scale environmental stainless steel chamber. CSB and GCSB showed the highest ozone deposition velocities, while WF and GWF showed the lowest ozone deposition velocities among test BMs materials. All reaction probabilities were estimated to fall within the order of magnitude of 10−6. Green BMs showed lower reaction probabilities with ozone comparing with non-green BMs except for GGB. Consistent with the trends for deposition velocity, fleecy and porous materials exhibit higher reaction probabilities than smooth, non-porous surfaces. Specific surface area of BM is more closely related to ozone removal than total pore volume of BM with R2 of 0.93 vs. R2 of 0.84. Discussion of Thiele modulus for all test BMs indicates surface reactions are occurring quickly relative to internal diffusion and ozone removal is internal diffusion-limited.}, keywords = {Building materials, Deposition velocity, Ozone, Pore volume, Surface area}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study aims to estimate the ozone deposition velocities of eight commonly used building materials (BMs) which include calcium silicate board (CSB), green calcium silicate board (GCSB), mineral fiber ceiling (MFC), green mineral fiber ceiling (GMFC), gypsum board (GB), green gypsum board (GGB), wooden flooring (WF) and green wooden flooring (GWF). In addition, the impact of physical properties (specific surface area and total pore volume of BM) on ozone removal ability was also explored and discussed. Studies were conducted in a small-scale environmental stainless steel chamber. CSB and GCSB showed the highest ozone deposition velocities, while WF and GWF showed the lowest ozone deposition velocities among test BMs materials. All reaction probabilities were estimated to fall within the order of magnitude of 10−6. Green BMs showed lower reaction probabilities with ozone comparing with non-green BMs except for GGB. Consistent with the trends for deposition velocity, fleecy and porous materials exhibit higher reaction probabilities than smooth, non-porous surfaces. Specific surface area of BM is more closely related to ozone removal than total pore volume of BM with R2 of 0.93 vs. R2 of 0.84. Discussion of Thiele modulus for all test BMs indicates surface reactions are occurring quickly relative to internal diffusion and ozone removal is internal diffusion-limited. |
Liang, Yirui; Xu, Ying The influence of surface sorption and air flow rate on phthalate emissions from vinyl flooring: Measurement and modeling Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 103 , pp. 147 - 155, 2015, ISSN: 1352-2310. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Air flow rate, Chamber test, Model, Phthalates, Surface absorption, SVOCs @article{LIANG2015147, title = {The influence of surface sorption and air flow rate on phthalate emissions from vinyl flooring: Measurement and modeling}, author = {Yirui Liang and Ying Xu}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231014009777}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.12.029}, issn = {1352-2310}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {103}, pages = {147 - 155}, abstract = {This study investigated the influences of surface sorption and air flow rate on the emission of phthalates from building materials. Controlled tests were conducted in specially designed stainless steel and wood chambers, and the steady-state concentration in the stainless steel chamber was about 2–3 times higher than that in the wood chamber for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP). The emission rate of phthalates increased in the wood chamber due to the diffusion mass flow through the chamber wall (i.e., surface absorption). The adsorption isotherm of phthalates on the stainless steel surface and the absorption parameters (i.e., diffusion and partition coefficients) of phthalates on the wood surface were determined experimentally, and the values were comparable to those in the literature. The equilibration time scale for phthalates absorbed to the sink reservoir in actual indoor environments was estimated and can be substantial (approximately 80 years), indicating that surface absorption may continuously drive phthalates from their indoor sources to various sinks and thus significantly increase the emission rate of phthalates. The gas-phase concentration of DEHP was measured in two stainless steel chambers operated at flow rates of 300 mL/min and 3000 mL/min, respectively, which were both adjusted to 1000 mL/min after steady state was reached. The gas-phase concentration of DEHP in the chamber was very sensitive to the chamber air flow rate, and higher air flow rates resulted in lower concentration levels. However, the increased emission rate compensated for the dilution in the gas phase and made the DEHP concentration not drop substantially with an increase in the air flow rate. Independently measured or calculated parameters were used to validate a semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) emission model that included absorptive surfaces and for a range of air flow rates, with excellent agreement between the model predictions and the observed chamber concentrations of phthalates.}, keywords = {Air flow rate, Chamber test, Model, Phthalates, Surface absorption, SVOCs}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } This study investigated the influences of surface sorption and air flow rate on the emission of phthalates from building materials. Controlled tests were conducted in specially designed stainless steel and wood chambers, and the steady-state concentration in the stainless steel chamber was about 2–3 times higher than that in the wood chamber for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP). The emission rate of phthalates increased in the wood chamber due to the diffusion mass flow through the chamber wall (i.e., surface absorption). The adsorption isotherm of phthalates on the stainless steel surface and the absorption parameters (i.e., diffusion and partition coefficients) of phthalates on the wood surface were determined experimentally, and the values were comparable to those in the literature. The equilibration time scale for phthalates absorbed to the sink reservoir in actual indoor environments was estimated and can be substantial (approximately 80 years), indicating that surface absorption may continuously drive phthalates from their indoor sources to various sinks and thus significantly increase the emission rate of phthalates. The gas-phase concentration of DEHP was measured in two stainless steel chambers operated at flow rates of 300 mL/min and 3000 mL/min, respectively, which were both adjusted to 1000 mL/min after steady state was reached. The gas-phase concentration of DEHP in the chamber was very sensitive to the chamber air flow rate, and higher air flow rates resulted in lower concentration levels. However, the increased emission rate compensated for the dilution in the gas phase and made the DEHP concentration not drop substantially with an increase in the air flow rate. Independently measured or calculated parameters were used to validate a semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) emission model that included absorptive surfaces and for a range of air flow rates, with excellent agreement between the model predictions and the observed chamber concentrations of phthalates. |
Olguín, Nair; Champomier-Vergès, Marie; Anglade, Patricia; Baraige, Fabienne; Cordero-Otero, Ricardo; Bordons, Albert; Zagorec, Monique; Reguant, Cristina Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of Oenococcus oeni PSU-1 response to ethanol shock Journal Article Food Microbiology, 51 , pp. 87 - 95, 2015, ISSN: 0740-0020. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Ethanol, Malolactic fermentation, Microarray analysis, Proteomic, Transcriptomic @article{OLGUIN201587, title = {Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of Oenococcus oeni PSU-1 response to ethanol shock}, author = {Nair Olguín and Marie Champomier-Vergès and Patricia Anglade and Fabienne Baraige and Ricardo Cordero-Otero and Albert Bordons and Monique Zagorec and Cristina Reguant}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740002015000994}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2015.05.005}, issn = {0740-0020}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Food Microbiology}, volume = {51}, pages = {87 - 95}, abstract = {The correct development of malolactic fermentation depends on the capacity of Oenococcus oeni to survive under harsh wine conditions. The presence of ethanol is one of the most stressful factors affecting O. oeni performance. In this study, the effect of ethanol addition (12% vol/vol) on O. oeni PSU-1 has been evaluated using a transcriptomic and proteomic approach. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the main functional categories of the genes affected by ethanol were metabolite transport and cell wall and membrane biogenesis. It was also observed that some genes were over-expressed in response to ethanol stress (for example, the heat shock protein Hsp20 and a dipeptidase). Proteomic analysis showed that several proteins are affected by the presence of ethanol. Functions related to protein synthesis and stability are the main target of ethanol damage. In some cases the decrease in protein concentration could be due to the relocation of cytosolic proteins in the membrane, as a protective mechanism. The omic approach used to study the response of O. oeni to ethanol highlights the importance of the cell membrane in the global stress response and opens the door to future studies on this issue.}, keywords = {Ethanol, Malolactic fermentation, Microarray analysis, Proteomic, Transcriptomic}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The correct development of malolactic fermentation depends on the capacity of Oenococcus oeni to survive under harsh wine conditions. The presence of ethanol is one of the most stressful factors affecting O. oeni performance. In this study, the effect of ethanol addition (12% vol/vol) on O. oeni PSU-1 has been evaluated using a transcriptomic and proteomic approach. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the main functional categories of the genes affected by ethanol were metabolite transport and cell wall and membrane biogenesis. It was also observed that some genes were over-expressed in response to ethanol stress (for example, the heat shock protein Hsp20 and a dipeptidase). Proteomic analysis showed that several proteins are affected by the presence of ethanol. Functions related to protein synthesis and stability are the main target of ethanol damage. In some cases the decrease in protein concentration could be due to the relocation of cytosolic proteins in the membrane, as a protective mechanism. The omic approach used to study the response of O. oeni to ethanol highlights the importance of the cell membrane in the global stress response and opens the door to future studies on this issue. |
Bron, A J; Argüeso, P; Irkec, M; Bright, F V Clinical staining of the ocular surface: Mechanisms and interpretations Journal Article Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, 44 , pp. 36 - 61, 2015, ISSN: 1350-9462. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Fluorescein dye, Glycocalyx, Lissamine green, PATH, Punctate corneal staining, Punctate keratitis, Rose bengal, SICS @article{BRON201536, title = {Clinical staining of the ocular surface: Mechanisms and interpretations}, author = {A J Bron and P Argüeso and M Irkec and F V Bright}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1350946214000639}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2014.10.001}, issn = {1350-9462}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Progress in Retinal and Eye Research}, volume = {44}, pages = {36 - 61}, abstract = {In this article we review the mechanism of ocular surface staining. Water-soluble dyes are excluded from the normal epithelium by tight junctions, the plasma membranes and the surface glycocalyx. Shed cells can take up dye. A proportion of normal corneas show sparse, scattered time-dependent, punctate fluorescein uptake, which, we hypothesise, is due to a graded loss of the glycocalyx barrier, permitting transcellular entry into pre-shed cells. In pathological staining, there is little evidence of ‘micropooling’ at sites of shedding and the term ‘punctate erosion’ may be a misnomer. It is more likely that the initial event involves transcellular dye entry and, in addition, diffusion across defective tight junctions. Different dye-staining characteristics probably reflect differences in molecular size and other physical properties of each dye, coupled with differences in visibility under the conditions of illumination used. This is most relevant to the rapid epithelial spread of fluorescein from sites of punctate staining, compared to the apparent confinement of dyes to staining cells with dyes such as lissamine green and rose bengal. We assume that fluorescein, with its lower molecular weight, spreads initially by a paracellular route and then by transcellular diffusion. Solution-Induced Corneal Staining (SICS), related to the use of certain contact lens care solutions, may have a different basis, involving the non-pathological uptake of cationic preservatives, such as biguanides, into epithelial membranes and secondary binding of the fluorescein anion. It is transient and may not imply corneal toxicity. Understanding the mechanism of staining is relevant to the standardisation of grading, to monitoring disease and to the conduct of clinical trials.}, keywords = {Fluorescein dye, Glycocalyx, Lissamine green, PATH, Punctate corneal staining, Punctate keratitis, Rose bengal, SICS}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this article we review the mechanism of ocular surface staining. Water-soluble dyes are excluded from the normal epithelium by tight junctions, the plasma membranes and the surface glycocalyx. Shed cells can take up dye. A proportion of normal corneas show sparse, scattered time-dependent, punctate fluorescein uptake, which, we hypothesise, is due to a graded loss of the glycocalyx barrier, permitting transcellular entry into pre-shed cells. In pathological staining, there is little evidence of ‘micropooling’ at sites of shedding and the term ‘punctate erosion’ may be a misnomer. It is more likely that the initial event involves transcellular dye entry and, in addition, diffusion across defective tight junctions. Different dye-staining characteristics probably reflect differences in molecular size and other physical properties of each dye, coupled with differences in visibility under the conditions of illumination used. This is most relevant to the rapid epithelial spread of fluorescein from sites of punctate staining, compared to the apparent confinement of dyes to staining cells with dyes such as lissamine green and rose bengal. We assume that fluorescein, with its lower molecular weight, spreads initially by a paracellular route and then by transcellular diffusion. Solution-Induced Corneal Staining (SICS), related to the use of certain contact lens care solutions, may have a different basis, involving the non-pathological uptake of cationic preservatives, such as biguanides, into epithelial membranes and secondary binding of the fluorescein anion. It is transient and may not imply corneal toxicity. Understanding the mechanism of staining is relevant to the standardisation of grading, to monitoring disease and to the conduct of clinical trials. |
Prabhu, Sandeep; McLellan, Alex J A; Walters, Tomos E; Sharma, Meenal; Voskoboinik, Alex; Kistler, Peter M Atrial Structure and Function and its Implications for Current and Emerging Treatments for Atrial Fibrillation Journal Article Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 58 (2), pp. 152 - 167, 2015, ISSN: 0033-0620, (Advances in Atrial Fibrillation). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Ablation, Atrial fibrillation, Atrial fibrosis, Catheter ablation, Electrical remodelling, Left atrium, Novel therapies, Structural remodelling @article{PRABHU2015152, title = {Atrial Structure and Function and its Implications for Current and Emerging Treatments for Atrial Fibrillation}, author = {Sandeep Prabhu and Alex J A McLellan and Tomos E Walters and Meenal Sharma and Alex Voskoboinik and Peter M Kistler}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0033062015000638}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2015.08.004}, issn = {0033-0620}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases}, volume = {58}, number = {2}, pages = {152 - 167}, abstract = {Left atrial (LA) structure and function are intimately related to the clinical phenotypes of atrial fibrillation (AF), and have direct implications for the success or otherwise of various therapeutic strategies. In conjunction with intrinsic structural characteristics of the LA, pathological remodelling to a large extent dictates the clinical course of AF. Remodelling is a product of the physiological and structural plasticity of the LA in disease states (including AF itself), and manifests as electrical, physical and structural changes that promote the substrate necessary for AF maintenance. The degree of remodelling impacts upon the efficacy of pharmacological, non-pharmacological and interventional treatments for AF. Evolving therapies seek to specifically target these processes although presently, several remain in the development phase. Catheter ablation (CA) is now firmly established as a highly effective treatment for AF, although increasing its efficacy in the remodelled LA of more severe AF phenotypes remains an ongoing challenge.}, note = {Advances in Atrial Fibrillation}, keywords = {Ablation, Atrial fibrillation, Atrial fibrosis, Catheter ablation, Electrical remodelling, Left atrium, Novel therapies, Structural remodelling}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Left atrial (LA) structure and function are intimately related to the clinical phenotypes of atrial fibrillation (AF), and have direct implications for the success or otherwise of various therapeutic strategies. In conjunction with intrinsic structural characteristics of the LA, pathological remodelling to a large extent dictates the clinical course of AF. Remodelling is a product of the physiological and structural plasticity of the LA in disease states (including AF itself), and manifests as electrical, physical and structural changes that promote the substrate necessary for AF maintenance. The degree of remodelling impacts upon the efficacy of pharmacological, non-pharmacological and interventional treatments for AF. Evolving therapies seek to specifically target these processes although presently, several remain in the development phase. Catheter ablation (CA) is now firmly established as a highly effective treatment for AF, although increasing its efficacy in the remodelled LA of more severe AF phenotypes remains an ongoing challenge. |
Agapiou, A; Zorba, E; Mikedi, K; McGregor, L; Spiliopoulou, C; Statheropoulos, M Analytica Chimica Acta, 883 , pp. 99 - 108, 2015, ISSN: 0003-2670. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Decomposition, Forensic chemistry, Pig carcass, Two-dimensional gas chromatography, Volatiles @article{AGAPIOU201599, title = {Analysis of volatile organic compounds released from the decay of surrogate human models simulating victims of collapsed buildings by thermal desorption–comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry}, author = {A Agapiou and E Zorba and K Mikedi and L McGregor and C Spiliopoulou and M Statheropoulos}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003267015005188}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2015.04.024}, issn = {0003-2670}, year = {2015}, date = {2015-01-01}, journal = {Analytica Chimica Acta}, volume = {883}, pages = {99 - 108}, abstract = {Field experiments were devised to mimic the entrapment conditions under the rubble of collapsed buildings aiming to investigate the evolution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the early dead body decomposition stage. Three pig carcasses were placed inside concrete tunnels of a search and rescue (SAR) operational field terrain for simulating the entrapment environment after a building collapse. The experimental campaign employed both laboratory and on-site analytical methods running in parallel. The current work focuses only on the results of the laboratory method using thermal desorption coupled to comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC×GC-TOF MS). The flow-modulated TD-GC×GC-TOF MS provided enhanced separation of the VOC profile and served as a reference method for the evaluation of the on-site analytical methods in the current experimental campaign. Bespoke software was used to deconvolve the VOC profile to extract as much information as possible into peak lists. In total, 288 unique VOCs were identified (i.e., not found in blank samples). The majority were aliphatics (172), aromatics (25) and nitrogen compounds (19), followed by ketones (17), esters (13), alcohols (12), aldehydes (11), sulfur (9), miscellaneous (8) and acid compounds (2). The TD-GC×GC-TOF MS proved to be a sensitive and powerful system for resolving the chemical puzzle of above-ground “scent of death”.}, keywords = {Decomposition, Forensic chemistry, Pig carcass, Two-dimensional gas chromatography, Volatiles}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Field experiments were devised to mimic the entrapment conditions under the rubble of collapsed buildings aiming to investigate the evolution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during the early dead body decomposition stage. Three pig carcasses were placed inside concrete tunnels of a search and rescue (SAR) operational field terrain for simulating the entrapment environment after a building collapse. The experimental campaign employed both laboratory and on-site analytical methods running in parallel. The current work focuses only on the results of the laboratory method using thermal desorption coupled to comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TD-GC×GC-TOF MS). The flow-modulated TD-GC×GC-TOF MS provided enhanced separation of the VOC profile and served as a reference method for the evaluation of the on-site analytical methods in the current experimental campaign. Bespoke software was used to deconvolve the VOC profile to extract as much information as possible into peak lists. In total, 288 unique VOCs were identified (i.e., not found in blank samples). The majority were aliphatics (172), aromatics (25) and nitrogen compounds (19), followed by ketones (17), esters (13), alcohols (12), aldehydes (11), sulfur (9), miscellaneous (8) and acid compounds (2). The TD-GC×GC-TOF MS proved to be a sensitive and powerful system for resolving the chemical puzzle of above-ground “scent of death”. |
2014 |
Schripp, Tobias; Salthammer, Tunga; Fauck, Christian; Bekö, Gabriel; Weschler, Charles J Latex paint as a delivery vehicle for diethylphthalate and di-n-butylphthalate: Predictable boundary layer concentrations and emission rates Journal Article Science of The Total Environment, 494-495 , pp. 299 - 305, 2014, ISSN: 0048-9697. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Boundary layer, Mass transfer coefficient, Material/air partition coefficient, Phthalates, Reference material, Test chamber @article{SCHRIPP2014299, title = {Latex paint as a delivery vehicle for diethylphthalate and di-n-butylphthalate: Predictable boundary layer concentrations and emission rates}, author = {Tobias Schripp and Tunga Salthammer and Christian Fauck and Gabriel Bekö and Charles J Weschler}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969714010146}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.141}, issn = {0048-9697}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, volume = {494-495}, pages = {299 - 305}, abstract = {The description of emission processes of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs) from building products requires a detailed understanding of the material and the air flow conditions at the surface boundary. The mass flux between the surface of the material and air depends on the mass transfer coefficient (hm) through the boundary layer, the gas phase concentration of the target compound immediately adjacent to the material (y0), and the gas-phase concentration in bulk air (y(t)). In the present study emission experiments were performed in two chambers of quite different sizes (0.25m3 and 55m3), and, in the larger chamber, at two different temperatures (23°C and 30°C). The emitting material was latex wall paint that had been doped with two plasticizers, diethylphthalate (DEP) and di-n-butylphthalate (DnBP). The phthalate content in the paint was varied in the small chamber experiment to evaluate the impact of the initial concentration in the bulk material (C0) on the emission rate. Boundary layer theory was applied to calculate hm for the specific phthalates from the Sherwood number (Sh) and the diffusion coefficient (Dair). Then y0 was determined based on the bulk gas-phase concentration at steady state (y¯). For both, DEP and DnBP, the y0 obtained was lower than the respective saturation vapor pressure (Ps). Furthermore, for both phthalates in latex paint, the material/air partition coefficient (C0/y0) was close in value to the octanol/air partition coefficient (KOA). This study provides a basis for designing phthalate emitting reference materials that mimic the emission behavior of common building materials.}, keywords = {Boundary layer, Mass transfer coefficient, Material/air partition coefficient, Phthalates, Reference material, Test chamber}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The description of emission processes of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs) from building products requires a detailed understanding of the material and the air flow conditions at the surface boundary. The mass flux between the surface of the material and air depends on the mass transfer coefficient (hm) through the boundary layer, the gas phase concentration of the target compound immediately adjacent to the material (y0), and the gas-phase concentration in bulk air (y(t)). In the present study emission experiments were performed in two chambers of quite different sizes (0.25m3 and 55m3), and, in the larger chamber, at two different temperatures (23°C and 30°C). The emitting material was latex wall paint that had been doped with two plasticizers, diethylphthalate (DEP) and di-n-butylphthalate (DnBP). The phthalate content in the paint was varied in the small chamber experiment to evaluate the impact of the initial concentration in the bulk material (C0) on the emission rate. Boundary layer theory was applied to calculate hm for the specific phthalates from the Sherwood number (Sh) and the diffusion coefficient (Dair). Then y0 was determined based on the bulk gas-phase concentration at steady state (y¯). For both, DEP and DnBP, the y0 obtained was lower than the respective saturation vapor pressure (Ps). Furthermore, for both phthalates in latex paint, the material/air partition coefficient (C0/y0) was close in value to the octanol/air partition coefficient (KOA). This study provides a basis for designing phthalate emitting reference materials that mimic the emission behavior of common building materials. |
Pellegrini, Davide; Onor, Massimo; Degano, Ilaria; Bramanti, Emilia Talanta, 130 , pp. 280 - 287, 2014, ISSN: 0039-9140. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 9-chloromethyl anthracene (9-CMA), HPLC, Lactate @article{PELLEGRINI2014280, title = {Development and validation of a novel derivatization method for the determination of lactate in urine and saliva by liquid chromatography with UV and fluorescence detection}, author = {Davide Pellegrini and Massimo Onor and Ilaria Degano and Emilia Bramanti}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0039914014005700}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.015}, issn = {0039-9140}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Talanta}, volume = {130}, pages = {280 - 287}, abstract = {We developed a novel and straightforward derivatization method for the determination of lactate by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with fluorescence and UV detection in biological matrices as urine and saliva. The derivatization of lactate was achieved employing 9-chloromethyl anthracene (9-CMA) as fluorescence reagent, which has never been previously used to obtain a lactate derivative. Lactate reacts with 9-CMA with high selectivity in a very short time, without requiring extraction procedures from the aqueous solution, and the reaction reaches 70% completion in 30min. The ester derivative obtained can be easily determined by RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection at 410nm (λex=365nm) and UV detection at 365nm. The method was also optimized in order to allow for the simultaneous determination of lactate and creatinine for the application to urine samples. The lactate calibration curve was linear in the investigated range 2×10−4–3×10−2mM and the limit of detection, calculated as three times the standard deviation of the blank divided by the calibration curve slope, was 50nM for both fluorescence and UV detection. Intra-day and inter-day repeatability were lower than 5% and 6%, respectively. The method proposed was successfully applied to the analysis of urine and saliva samples.}, keywords = {9-chloromethyl anthracene (9-CMA), HPLC, Lactate}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } We developed a novel and straightforward derivatization method for the determination of lactate by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) with fluorescence and UV detection in biological matrices as urine and saliva. The derivatization of lactate was achieved employing 9-chloromethyl anthracene (9-CMA) as fluorescence reagent, which has never been previously used to obtain a lactate derivative. Lactate reacts with 9-CMA with high selectivity in a very short time, without requiring extraction procedures from the aqueous solution, and the reaction reaches 70% completion in 30min. The ester derivative obtained can be easily determined by RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection at 410nm (λex=365nm) and UV detection at 365nm. The method was also optimized in order to allow for the simultaneous determination of lactate and creatinine for the application to urine samples. The lactate calibration curve was linear in the investigated range 2×10−4–3×10−2mM and the limit of detection, calculated as three times the standard deviation of the blank divided by the calibration curve slope, was 50nM for both fluorescence and UV detection. Intra-day and inter-day repeatability were lower than 5% and 6%, respectively. The method proposed was successfully applied to the analysis of urine and saliva samples. |
Chen, Beibei; He, Man; Zhong, Cheng; Hu, Bin Chiral speciation of selenoamino acids in biological samples Journal Article Journal of Chromatography A, 1363 , pp. 62 - 70, 2014, ISSN: 0021-9673, (Enantioseparations - 2014). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Chiral speciation, Enantiomer, Hyphenation technique, Review, Selenoamino acid @article{CHEN201462, title = {Chiral speciation of selenoamino acids in biological samples}, author = {Beibei Chen and Man He and Cheng Zhong and Bin Hu}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967314012035}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.098}, issn = {0021-9673}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Chromatography A}, volume = {1363}, pages = {62 - 70}, abstract = {In this paper, the “state of the art” of chiral speciation of selenoamino acids (SeAAs) in biological samples is critically reviewed. The significance and the features of such studies are highlighted. A special focus lies on chiral speciation of SeAAs by hyphenation techniques in which a chiral separation method (such as gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE)) is on-line coupled with an elemental specific detector, especially inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The advances in the development and application of hyphenation techniques in chiral speciation of SeAAs in biological samples are summarized and a perspective for future developments including sophisticated and innovative applications is discussed. Overall, HPLC-ICP-MS is more applicable than GC/CE-ICP-MS for chiral speciation of SeAAs. In the future, more novel chiral HPLC methods with high enantio-resolution, low cost and robustness, and their more applications in real biological samples analysis are expected.}, note = {Enantioseparations - 2014}, keywords = {Chiral speciation, Enantiomer, Hyphenation technique, Review, Selenoamino acid}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } In this paper, the “state of the art” of chiral speciation of selenoamino acids (SeAAs) in biological samples is critically reviewed. The significance and the features of such studies are highlighted. A special focus lies on chiral speciation of SeAAs by hyphenation techniques in which a chiral separation method (such as gas chromatography (GC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis (CE)) is on-line coupled with an elemental specific detector, especially inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The advances in the development and application of hyphenation techniques in chiral speciation of SeAAs in biological samples are summarized and a perspective for future developments including sophisticated and innovative applications is discussed. Overall, HPLC-ICP-MS is more applicable than GC/CE-ICP-MS for chiral speciation of SeAAs. In the future, more novel chiral HPLC methods with high enantio-resolution, low cost and robustness, and their more applications in real biological samples analysis are expected. |
Marć, Mariusz; Namieśnik, Jacek; Zabiegała, Bożena Small-scale passive emission chamber for screening studies on monoterpene emission flux from the surface of wood-based indoor elements Journal Article Science of The Total Environment, 481 , pp. 35 - 46, 2014, ISSN: 0048-9697. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Emission flux, Indoor air quality, Monoterpenes, Small-scale passive emission chambers, Wood-based materials @article{MARC201435, title = {Small-scale passive emission chamber for screening studies on monoterpene emission flux from the surface of wood-based indoor elements}, author = {Mariusz Marć and Jacek Namieśnik and Bożena Zabiegała}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969714001831}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.021}, issn = {0048-9697}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Science of The Total Environment}, volume = {481}, pages = {35 - 46}, abstract = {Analysis of literature data published in the last few years leads to the conclusion that in the process of assessment of emission flux of organic compounds emitted from different types of equipment and finishing materials, new types of devices, among which small-scale passive emission chambers for the performance of in-situ research are designed and applied on a larger scale. These devices can be successfully used for the assessment of emission flux of organic compounds in any location of an apartment, with no interference with its normal exploitation. In the following article the possibility of application of a designed and constructed small-scale passive emission chamber for the evaluation of emission flux of organic compounds (mainly monoterpenes) emitted from the surface of wood-based material made of laminated chipboard has been presented. The emission chamber made from polished stainless steel of the inner volume of 3.65dm3 allows for the examination/assessment of emission flux from the surface of 452cm2. A diffusive passive sampler was installed inside of the small-scale chamber, which enables collecting samples of the analytes emitted from the examined surface of indoor material. The working time of the passive emission chamber equaled 300min. The results of preliminary studies show that, the constructed device can be successfully used for screening studies, related with the determination of emission flux of monoterpenes from any type of wood-based flat surface located indoors.}, keywords = {Emission flux, Indoor air quality, Monoterpenes, Small-scale passive emission chambers, Wood-based materials}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Analysis of literature data published in the last few years leads to the conclusion that in the process of assessment of emission flux of organic compounds emitted from different types of equipment and finishing materials, new types of devices, among which small-scale passive emission chambers for the performance of in-situ research are designed and applied on a larger scale. These devices can be successfully used for the assessment of emission flux of organic compounds in any location of an apartment, with no interference with its normal exploitation. In the following article the possibility of application of a designed and constructed small-scale passive emission chamber for the evaluation of emission flux of organic compounds (mainly monoterpenes) emitted from the surface of wood-based material made of laminated chipboard has been presented. The emission chamber made from polished stainless steel of the inner volume of 3.65dm3 allows for the examination/assessment of emission flux from the surface of 452cm2. A diffusive passive sampler was installed inside of the small-scale chamber, which enables collecting samples of the analytes emitted from the examined surface of indoor material. The working time of the passive emission chamber equaled 300min. The results of preliminary studies show that, the constructed device can be successfully used for screening studies, related with the determination of emission flux of monoterpenes from any type of wood-based flat surface located indoors. |
Mochizuki, Toshiki; Todoroki, Kenichiro; Inoue, Koichi; Min, Jun Zhe; Toyo’oka, Toshimasa Analytica Chimica Acta, 811 , pp. 51 - 59, 2014, ISSN: 0003-2670. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: -Pyroglutamic acid succinimidyl ester, Amino acid, Enantioseparation, Isotope-coded derivatization, Mass spectrometry, Reversed-phase chromatography @article{MOCHIZUKI201451, title = {Isotopic variants of light and heavy l-pyroglutamic acid succinimidyl esters as the derivatization reagents for dl-amino acid chiral metabolomics identification by liquid chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry}, author = {Toshiki Mochizuki and Kenichiro Todoroki and Koichi Inoue and Jun Zhe Min and Toshimasa Toyo’oka}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003267013015651}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2013.12.016}, issn = {0003-2670}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Analytica Chimica Acta}, volume = {811}, pages = {51 - 59}, abstract = {l-Pyroglutamic acid succinimidyl ester (l-PGA-OSu) and its isotopic variant (l-PGA[d5]-OSu) were newly synthesized and evaluated as the chiral labeling reagents for the enantioseparation of amino acids, in terms of separation efficiency by reversed-phase chromatography and detection sensitivity by ESI-MS/MS. The enantiomers of amino acids were easily labeled with the reagents at 60°C within 10min in an alkaline medium containing triethylamine. Although all the diastereomers derived from 18 proteolytic amino acids could not be satisfactorily separated, the pairs of 9 amino acids were completely separated by reversed-phase chromatography using the small particle (1.7μm) ODS column (Rs=1.95–8.05). The characteristic daughter ions, i.e., m/z 84.04 and m/z 89.04, were detected from all the derivatives by the collision induced dissociation of the protonated molecular ions. A highly sensitive detection at a low-fmol level (0.5–3.2fmol) was also obtained from the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) chromatograms. An isotope labeling strategy using light and heavy l-PGA-OSu for the differential analysis of the dl-amino acids in different sample groups is also presented in this paper. The differential analysis of biological sample (i.e., human serum) and food product (i.e., yogurt) were tried to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. The ratios of the dl-amino acids in human serum samples, spiked with the different concentrations of d-amino acids, were determined by the procedures using l-PGA-OSu and l-PGA[d5]-OSu. The d/l ratios in the two sample groups at different concentrations of amino acids were similar to the theoretical values. Furthermore, the ratios of d/l-alanine values in different yogurt products were comparable to the ratios obtained from the d/l values using only light reagent (i.e., l-PGA-OSu). Consequently, the proposed strategy is useful for the differential analysis not only in biological samples but also in food products.}, keywords = {-Pyroglutamic acid succinimidyl ester, Amino acid, Enantioseparation, Isotope-coded derivatization, Mass spectrometry, Reversed-phase chromatography}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } l-Pyroglutamic acid succinimidyl ester (l-PGA-OSu) and its isotopic variant (l-PGA[d5]-OSu) were newly synthesized and evaluated as the chiral labeling reagents for the enantioseparation of amino acids, in terms of separation efficiency by reversed-phase chromatography and detection sensitivity by ESI-MS/MS. The enantiomers of amino acids were easily labeled with the reagents at 60°C within 10min in an alkaline medium containing triethylamine. Although all the diastereomers derived from 18 proteolytic amino acids could not be satisfactorily separated, the pairs of 9 amino acids were completely separated by reversed-phase chromatography using the small particle (1.7μm) ODS column (Rs=1.95–8.05). The characteristic daughter ions, i.e., m/z 84.04 and m/z 89.04, were detected from all the derivatives by the collision induced dissociation of the protonated molecular ions. A highly sensitive detection at a low-fmol level (0.5–3.2fmol) was also obtained from the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) chromatograms. An isotope labeling strategy using light and heavy l-PGA-OSu for the differential analysis of the dl-amino acids in different sample groups is also presented in this paper. The differential analysis of biological sample (i.e., human serum) and food product (i.e., yogurt) were tried to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. The ratios of the dl-amino acids in human serum samples, spiked with the different concentrations of d-amino acids, were determined by the procedures using l-PGA-OSu and l-PGA[d5]-OSu. The d/l ratios in the two sample groups at different concentrations of amino acids were similar to the theoretical values. Furthermore, the ratios of d/l-alanine values in different yogurt products were comparable to the ratios obtained from the d/l values using only light reagent (i.e., l-PGA-OSu). Consequently, the proposed strategy is useful for the differential analysis not only in biological samples but also in food products. |
Dąbrowska, Monika; Starek, Małgorzata Analytical approaches to determination of carnitine in biological materials, foods and dietary supplements Journal Article Food Chemistry, 142 , pp. 220 - 232, 2014, ISSN: 0308-8146. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Analytical methods, Carnitine, Determination @article{DABROWSKA2014220, title = {Analytical approaches to determination of carnitine in biological materials, foods and dietary supplements}, author = {Monika Dąbrowska and Małgorzata Starek}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814613009813}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.137}, issn = {0308-8146}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Food Chemistry}, volume = {142}, pages = {220 - 232}, abstract = {l-Carnitine is a vitamin-like amino acid derivative, which is an essential factor in fatty acid metabolism as acyltransferase cofactor and in energy production processes, such as interconversion in the mechanisms of regulation of cetogenesis and termogenesis, and it is also used in the therapy of primary and secondary deficiency, and in other diseases. The determination of carnitine and acyl-carnitines can provide important information about inherited or acquired metabolic disorders, and for monitoring the biochemical effect of carnitine therapy. The endogenous carnitine pool in humans is maintained by biosynthesis and absorption of carnitine from the diet. Carnitine has one asymmetric carbon giving two stereoisomers d and l, but only the l form has a biological positive effect, thus chiral recognition of l-carnitine enantiomers is extremely important in biological, chemical and pharmaceutical sciences. In order to get more insight into carnitine metabolism and synthesis, a sensitive analysis for the determination of the concentration of free carnitine, carnitine esters and the carnitine precursors is required. Carnitine has been investigated in many biochemical, pharmacokinetic, metabolic and toxicokinetic studies and thus many analytical methods have been developed and published for the determination of carnitine in foods, dietary supplements, pharmaceutical formulations, biological tissues and body fluid. The analytical procedures presented in this review have been validated in terms of basic parameters (linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision). This article presented the impact of different analytical techniques, and provides an overview of applications that address a diverse array of pharmaceutical and biological questions and samples.}, keywords = {Analytical methods, Carnitine, Determination}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } l-Carnitine is a vitamin-like amino acid derivative, which is an essential factor in fatty acid metabolism as acyltransferase cofactor and in energy production processes, such as interconversion in the mechanisms of regulation of cetogenesis and termogenesis, and it is also used in the therapy of primary and secondary deficiency, and in other diseases. The determination of carnitine and acyl-carnitines can provide important information about inherited or acquired metabolic disorders, and for monitoring the biochemical effect of carnitine therapy. The endogenous carnitine pool in humans is maintained by biosynthesis and absorption of carnitine from the diet. Carnitine has one asymmetric carbon giving two stereoisomers d and l, but only the l form has a biological positive effect, thus chiral recognition of l-carnitine enantiomers is extremely important in biological, chemical and pharmaceutical sciences. In order to get more insight into carnitine metabolism and synthesis, a sensitive analysis for the determination of the concentration of free carnitine, carnitine esters and the carnitine precursors is required. Carnitine has been investigated in many biochemical, pharmacokinetic, metabolic and toxicokinetic studies and thus many analytical methods have been developed and published for the determination of carnitine in foods, dietary supplements, pharmaceutical formulations, biological tissues and body fluid. The analytical procedures presented in this review have been validated in terms of basic parameters (linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision). This article presented the impact of different analytical techniques, and provides an overview of applications that address a diverse array of pharmaceutical and biological questions and samples. |
Vibenholt, Anni; Clausen, Per Axel; Wolkoff, Peder Ozone reaction characteristics of indoor floor dust examined in the emission cell “FLEC” Journal Article Chemosphere, 107 , pp. 230 - 239, 2014, ISSN: 0045-6535. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Aldehydes, FLEC, Floor dust, Indoor air, Ozone, Reaction rate @article{VIBENHOLT2014230, title = {Ozone reaction characteristics of indoor floor dust examined in the emission cell “FLEC”}, author = {Anni Vibenholt and Per Axel Clausen and Peder Wolkoff}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004565351301713X}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.048}, issn = {0045-6535}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Chemosphere}, volume = {107}, pages = {230 - 239}, abstract = {Ozone reacts with C–C double bonds in common indoor VOCs and SVOCs contained in indoor dust and may be catalytically degraded on dust surfaces. The reaction between floor dust and ozone was investigated in the FLEC emission cell at different ozone concentrations and relative humidities (0%, 25%, and 50% RH). One gram of dust was spread on a clean stainless steel plate which was placed in the FLEC. Steady state reaction rate (kDust) at 2.2ppm ozone was determined for four different floor dust samples collected in Danish homes and offices. This high concentration was necessary in order to measure and determine the consumption in the outlet air from the FLEC. Measurements were corrected for FLEC wall effects by subtraction of the steady state reaction rate between ozone and a FLEC on a stainless steel plate without dust (kFLEC). The composition of organic compounds in the dust was analyzed by pressurized liquid extraction and thermal desorption GC–MS before and after ozone exposure. kFLEC was independent of the ozone concentration and the reaction was treated as first order. The same was indicated for kDust since it remained unchanged at 2.2 and 1.6ppm ozone for one dust sample. However, the measured kDust in the FLEC should be considered an average rate constant due to the FLEC geometry. kDust was in the range 0.039–0.14s-1 pr. g dust at 50% RH. kDust was 3 times higher at 25% RH than at 50% RH and 6 times higher than at 0% RH. The inhomogeneity of the dust was assessed by experiments in triplicate with a new portion of dust each time. The relative standard deviation of kDust at 50% RH was 6–20%. The major identified compounds before and after ozone exposure included aldehydes, saturated and unsaturated linear alkanoic acids, benzoic acid and their methyl esters, dimethyl esters, phthalates and traces of α-pinene and limonene. Substantial increase of C7–C9 aldehydes was observed after ozone exposure.}, keywords = {Aldehydes, FLEC, Floor dust, Indoor air, Ozone, Reaction rate}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Ozone reacts with C–C double bonds in common indoor VOCs and SVOCs contained in indoor dust and may be catalytically degraded on dust surfaces. The reaction between floor dust and ozone was investigated in the FLEC emission cell at different ozone concentrations and relative humidities (0%, 25%, and 50% RH). One gram of dust was spread on a clean stainless steel plate which was placed in the FLEC. Steady state reaction rate (kDust) at 2.2ppm ozone was determined for four different floor dust samples collected in Danish homes and offices. This high concentration was necessary in order to measure and determine the consumption in the outlet air from the FLEC. Measurements were corrected for FLEC wall effects by subtraction of the steady state reaction rate between ozone and a FLEC on a stainless steel plate without dust (kFLEC). The composition of organic compounds in the dust was analyzed by pressurized liquid extraction and thermal desorption GC–MS before and after ozone exposure. kFLEC was independent of the ozone concentration and the reaction was treated as first order. The same was indicated for kDust since it remained unchanged at 2.2 and 1.6ppm ozone for one dust sample. However, the measured kDust in the FLEC should be considered an average rate constant due to the FLEC geometry. kDust was in the range 0.039–0.14s-1 pr. g dust at 50% RH. kDust was 3 times higher at 25% RH than at 50% RH and 6 times higher than at 0% RH. The inhomogeneity of the dust was assessed by experiments in triplicate with a new portion of dust each time. The relative standard deviation of kDust at 50% RH was 6–20%. The major identified compounds before and after ozone exposure included aldehydes, saturated and unsaturated linear alkanoic acids, benzoic acid and their methyl esters, dimethyl esters, phthalates and traces of α-pinene and limonene. Substantial increase of C7–C9 aldehydes was observed after ozone exposure. |
Fradi, Ines; Farcas, Elena; Saïd, Azza Ben; Yans, Marie-Laure; Lamalle, Caroline; Somsen, Govert W; Prior, Amir; de Jong, Gerhardus J; Kallel, Mohamed; Crommen, Jacques; Servais, Anne-Catherine; Fillet, Marianne Journal of Chromatography A, 1363 , pp. 338 - 347, 2014, ISSN: 0021-9673, (Enantioseparations - 2014). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Amino acids, Chiral capillary electrophoresis, FLEC, In-capillary derivatization @article{FRADI2014338, title = {In-capillary derivatization with (−)-1-(9-fluorenyl)ethyl chloroformate as chiral labeling agent for the electrophoretic separation of amino acids}, author = {Ines Fradi and Elena Farcas and Azza Ben Saïd and Marie-Laure Yans and Caroline Lamalle and Govert W Somsen and Amir Prior and Gerhardus J de Jong and Mohamed Kallel and Jacques Crommen and Anne-Catherine Servais and Marianne Fillet}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021967314010917}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2014.07.022}, issn = {0021-9673}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Chromatography A}, volume = {1363}, pages = {338 - 347}, abstract = {An original micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method using in-capillary derivatization with a chiral labeling reagent was developed for the separation of amino acid (AA) derivatives. The potential of (−)-1-(9-fluorenyl)-ethyl chloroformate (FLEC) as in-capillary derivatization agent is described for the first time. Several parameters for in-capillary derivatization and subsequent MEKC separation were systematically investigated using experimental designs. Firstly experimental conditions for in-capillary derivatization were optimized using face-centered central composite design (FCCD). Mixing voltage and time as well as concentration of the labeling solution were investigated. Efficient labeling was achieved by sequential injection of AAs and FLEC labeling solution followed by the application of a voltage of 0.2kV for 570s. The background electrolyte (BGE) composition was then optimized in order to achieve selectivity. A FCCD was performed with two factors, namely the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration and the percentage of propan-2-ol (IPA). The separation of 12 pairs of derivatized AA (FLEC-AA) diastereomers was achieved with resolution values comprised between 3 and 20. Furthermore, an efficient derivatization and separation of 29 FLEC-AA derivatives were achieved in a single run using a buffer made up of 40mM sodium tetraborate, 21mM SDS and 8.5% IPA. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of spiked artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) sample.}, note = {Enantioseparations - 2014}, keywords = {Amino acids, Chiral capillary electrophoresis, FLEC, In-capillary derivatization}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } An original micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) method using in-capillary derivatization with a chiral labeling reagent was developed for the separation of amino acid (AA) derivatives. The potential of (−)-1-(9-fluorenyl)-ethyl chloroformate (FLEC) as in-capillary derivatization agent is described for the first time. Several parameters for in-capillary derivatization and subsequent MEKC separation were systematically investigated using experimental designs. Firstly experimental conditions for in-capillary derivatization were optimized using face-centered central composite design (FCCD). Mixing voltage and time as well as concentration of the labeling solution were investigated. Efficient labeling was achieved by sequential injection of AAs and FLEC labeling solution followed by the application of a voltage of 0.2kV for 570s. The background electrolyte (BGE) composition was then optimized in order to achieve selectivity. A FCCD was performed with two factors, namely the sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) concentration and the percentage of propan-2-ol (IPA). The separation of 12 pairs of derivatized AA (FLEC-AA) diastereomers was achieved with resolution values comprised between 3 and 20. Furthermore, an efficient derivatization and separation of 29 FLEC-AA derivatives were achieved in a single run using a buffer made up of 40mM sodium tetraborate, 21mM SDS and 8.5% IPA. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of spiked artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF) sample. |
Zagorec, M; Champomier-Vergès, M; Cailliez-Grimal, C IDENTIFICATION METHODS | Identification Methods and DNA Fingerprinting: Whole Genome Sequencing Incollection Batt, Carl A; Tortorello, Mary Lou (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology (Second Edition), pp. 295 - 299, Academic Press, Oxford, 2014, ISBN: 978-0-12-384733-1. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Chromosome, Clustering, Core-genome, Ecosystem, Gene function, Genome, Lactic acid bacteria, Pan-genome, Pathogen, Species, Strain, Synteny, Virulence @incollection{ZAGOREC2014295, title = {IDENTIFICATION METHODS | Identification Methods and DNA Fingerprinting: Whole Genome Sequencing}, author = {M Zagorec and M Champomier-Vergès and C Cailliez-Grimal}, editor = {Carl A Batt and Mary Lou Tortorello}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123847300004146}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384730-0.00414-6}, isbn = {978-0-12-384733-1}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, booktitle = {Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology (Second Edition)}, pages = {295 - 299}, publisher = {Academic Press}, address = {Oxford}, edition = {Second Edition}, abstract = {This chapter gives a brief overview of the currently available bacterial genome sequences and presents various DNA fingerprinting examples using whole genome sequencing, including analysis of bacterial functions aiming at improving food production processes or at fighting unwanted microorganisms, DNA fingerprinting of bacterial strains or species, species or cells genome sequence reconstruction, and DNA fingerprinting of ecosystems by metagenomics. These examples show the impact of such studies on our view of the microbial world, by revealing its huge genomic diversity, giving access to previously uncultured or unknown species, and even questioning the bacterial species definition.}, keywords = {Chromosome, Clustering, Core-genome, Ecosystem, Gene function, Genome, Lactic acid bacteria, Pan-genome, Pathogen, Species, Strain, Synteny, Virulence}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {incollection} } This chapter gives a brief overview of the currently available bacterial genome sequences and presents various DNA fingerprinting examples using whole genome sequencing, including analysis of bacterial functions aiming at improving food production processes or at fighting unwanted microorganisms, DNA fingerprinting of bacterial strains or species, species or cells genome sequence reconstruction, and DNA fingerprinting of ecosystems by metagenomics. These examples show the impact of such studies on our view of the microbial world, by revealing its huge genomic diversity, giving access to previously uncultured or unknown species, and even questioning the bacterial species definition. |
Howe, Matthew K.; Bodoor, Khaldon; Carlson, David A.; Hughes, Philip F.; Alwarawrah, Yazan; Loiselle, David R.; Jaeger, Alex M.; Darr, David B.; Jordan, Jamie L.; Hunter, Lucas M.; Molzberger, Eileen T.; Gobillot, Theodore A.; Thiele, Dennis J.; Brodsky, Jeffrey L.; Spector, Neil L.; Haystead, Timothy A.J. Identification of an Allosteric Small-Molecule Inhibitor Selective for the Inducible Form of Heat Shock Protein 70 Journal Article Chemistry & Biology, 21 (12), pp. 1648 - 1659, 2014, ISSN: 1074-5521. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: @article{HOWE20141648, title = {Identification of an Allosteric Small-Molecule Inhibitor Selective for the Inducible Form of Heat Shock Protein 70}, author = {Matthew K. Howe and Khaldon Bodoor and David A. Carlson and Philip F. Hughes and Yazan Alwarawrah and David R. Loiselle and Alex M. Jaeger and David B. Darr and Jamie L. Jordan and Lucas M. Hunter and Eileen T. Molzberger and Theodore A. Gobillot and Dennis J. Thiele and Jeffrey L. Brodsky and Neil L. Spector and Timothy A.J. Haystead}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1074552114004086}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chembiol.2014.10.016}, issn = {1074-5521}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Chemistry & Biology}, volume = {21}, number = {12}, pages = {1648 - 1659}, abstract = {Summary Inducible Hsp70 (Hsp70i) is overexpressed in a wide spectrum of human tumors, and its expression correlates with metastasis, poor outcomes, and resistance to chemotherapy in patients. Identification of small-molecule inhibitors selective for Hsp70i could provide new therapeutic tools for cancer treatment. In this work, we used fluorescence-linked enzyme chemoproteomic strategy (FLECS) to identify HS-72, an allosteric inhibitor selective for Hsp70i. HS-72 displays the hallmarks of Hsp70 inhibition in cells, promoting substrate protein degradation and growth inhibition. Importantly, HS-72 is selective for Hsp70i over the closely related constitutively active Hsc70. Studies with purified protein show HS-72 acts as an allosteric inhibitor, reducing ATP affinity. In vivo HS-72 is well-tolerated, showing bioavailability and efficacy, inhibiting tumor growth and promoting survival in a HER2+ model of breast cancer. The HS-72 scaffold is amenable to resynthesis and iteration, suggesting an ideal starting point for a new generation of anticancer therapeutics targeting Hsp70i.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Summary Inducible Hsp70 (Hsp70i) is overexpressed in a wide spectrum of human tumors, and its expression correlates with metastasis, poor outcomes, and resistance to chemotherapy in patients. Identification of small-molecule inhibitors selective for Hsp70i could provide new therapeutic tools for cancer treatment. In this work, we used fluorescence-linked enzyme chemoproteomic strategy (FLECS) to identify HS-72, an allosteric inhibitor selective for Hsp70i. HS-72 displays the hallmarks of Hsp70 inhibition in cells, promoting substrate protein degradation and growth inhibition. Importantly, HS-72 is selective for Hsp70i over the closely related constitutively active Hsc70. Studies with purified protein show HS-72 acts as an allosteric inhibitor, reducing ATP affinity. In vivo HS-72 is well-tolerated, showing bioavailability and efficacy, inhibiting tumor growth and promoting survival in a HER2+ model of breast cancer. The HS-72 scaffold is amenable to resynthesis and iteration, suggesting an ideal starting point for a new generation of anticancer therapeutics targeting Hsp70i. |
Li, Yan Jing; Huang, Peng; Jiang, Cai Ling; Jia, De Xin; Du, Xiao Xue; Zhou, Jian Hua; Han, Yu; Sui, Hong; Wei, Xiao Li; Liu, Lei; Yuan, Heng Heng; Zhang, Ting Ting; Zhang, Wen Jie; Xie, Rui; Lang, Xiao Hui; Wang, Li Ying; Liu, Tao; Bai, Yu Xian; Tian, Ye Sonodynamically Induced Anti-tumor Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Pancreatic Cancer Cells Journal Article Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology, 40 (11), pp. 2671 - 2679, 2014, ISSN: 0301-5629. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: 5-Aminolevulinic acid, Apoptosis, Mitochondria, Sonodynamic therapy @article{LI20142671, title = {Sonodynamically Induced Anti-tumor Effect of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid on Pancreatic Cancer Cells}, author = {Yan Jing Li and Peng Huang and Cai Ling Jiang and De Xin Jia and Xiao Xue Du and Jian Hua Zhou and Yu Han and Hong Sui and Xiao Li Wei and Lei Liu and Heng Heng Yuan and Ting Ting Zhang and Wen Jie Zhang and Rui Xie and Xiao Hui Lang and Li Ying Wang and Tao Liu and Yu Xian Bai and Ye Tian}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301562914004591}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.07.003}, issn = {0301-5629}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology}, volume = {40}, number = {11}, pages = {2671 - 2679}, abstract = {Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a promising modality for cancer treatment, involves the synergistic interaction of ultrasound and some chemical compounds termed sonosensitizers. However, its effect on pancreatic cancer cells remains unclear. In our study, we sought to identify the cytotoxic effects of ultrasound-activated 5-aminolevulinic acid on human pancreatic cancer Capan-1 cells. Cell viability was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) analysis; mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed using the fluorescent probe jc-1; apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry; cell morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy; apoptosis-related protein expression was analyzed by Western blot assay. We found that SDT significantly decreased the survival rate of cells, and this effect increased with 5-aminolevulinic acid concentration and ultrasound exposure time. The mechanism underlying the effect of SDT involves, in part, the induction of a conspicuous loss in mitochondrial membrane potential and, in part, the induction of apoptosis through upregulation of Bax expression, downregulation of Bcl-2 and increased activation of procaspase-3. These results indicate that the ultrasonically induced cell killing effect could be enhanced by 5-ALA and that the mitochondrial pathway might be involved in the cell damage process. We conclude that SDT is a promising new methodology for pancreatic cancer treatment.}, keywords = {5-Aminolevulinic acid, Apoptosis, Mitochondria, Sonodynamic therapy}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a promising modality for cancer treatment, involves the synergistic interaction of ultrasound and some chemical compounds termed sonosensitizers. However, its effect on pancreatic cancer cells remains unclear. In our study, we sought to identify the cytotoxic effects of ultrasound-activated 5-aminolevulinic acid on human pancreatic cancer Capan-1 cells. Cell viability was determined by MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) analysis; mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed using the fluorescent probe jc-1; apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry; cell morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy; apoptosis-related protein expression was analyzed by Western blot assay. We found that SDT significantly decreased the survival rate of cells, and this effect increased with 5-aminolevulinic acid concentration and ultrasound exposure time. The mechanism underlying the effect of SDT involves, in part, the induction of a conspicuous loss in mitochondrial membrane potential and, in part, the induction of apoptosis through upregulation of Bax expression, downregulation of Bcl-2 and increased activation of procaspase-3. These results indicate that the ultrasonically induced cell killing effect could be enhanced by 5-ALA and that the mitochondrial pathway might be involved in the cell damage process. We conclude that SDT is a promising new methodology for pancreatic cancer treatment. |
Chen, Qun; Hu, Kang Prediction model for SVOCs transport in the air and interactions with airborne particles Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 96 , pp. 61 - 69, 2014, ISSN: 1352-2310. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Air pollution, Airborne particle, Mathematical model, Residence time, SVOCs transport @article{CHEN201461, title = {Prediction model for SVOCs transport in the air and interactions with airborne particles}, author = {Qun Chen and Kang Hu}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231014005482}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2014.07.026}, issn = {1352-2310}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {96}, pages = {61 - 69}, abstract = {Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), harmful contaminants to human health, have a strong sorption tendency to the airborne particles, which affects the SVOCs transport process in the air and increases the total SVOC concentration. In this paper, a mathematical model for describing the transport mechanism of SVOCs in the air and interactions with airborne particle was proposed. After validated by Benning et al. (2013)'s experimental results, the numerical results by the proposed model show that the particle-phase concentration of DEHP at the chamber outlet reduces rapidly when the air flow rate is higher than 400 mL/min, the particles will go on sorbing/desorbing DEHP in the sampling trains downstream the chamber, smaller particles lead to a higher concentration of particle-phase DEHP in the chamber, and a larger chamber leads to a higher steady-state concentration but a slower process that the DEHP concentration reaches steady-state. Besides, there is a certain range for air flow rate in different chambers, e.g. 100–1000 mL/min in this study, to ensure the sorption of DEHP onto particles reaching the gas-/particle-phase equilibrium and reduce the errors induced by the deposition of particles.}, keywords = {Air pollution, Airborne particle, Mathematical model, Residence time, SVOCs transport}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), harmful contaminants to human health, have a strong sorption tendency to the airborne particles, which affects the SVOCs transport process in the air and increases the total SVOC concentration. In this paper, a mathematical model for describing the transport mechanism of SVOCs in the air and interactions with airborne particle was proposed. After validated by Benning et al. (2013)'s experimental results, the numerical results by the proposed model show that the particle-phase concentration of DEHP at the chamber outlet reduces rapidly when the air flow rate is higher than 400 mL/min, the particles will go on sorbing/desorbing DEHP in the sampling trains downstream the chamber, smaller particles lead to a higher concentration of particle-phase DEHP in the chamber, and a larger chamber leads to a higher steady-state concentration but a slower process that the DEHP concentration reaches steady-state. Besides, there is a certain range for air flow rate in different chambers, e.g. 100–1000 mL/min in this study, to ensure the sorption of DEHP onto particles reaching the gas-/particle-phase equilibrium and reduce the errors induced by the deposition of particles. |
Bourdin, Delphine; Mocho, Pierre; Desauziers, Valérie; Plaisance, Hervé Formaldehyde emission behavior of building materials: On-site measurements and modeling approach to predict indoor air pollution Journal Article Journal of Hazardous Materials, 280 , pp. 164 - 173, 2014, ISSN: 0304-3894. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Box model, Building material, CFD modeling, Formaldehyde, Indoor air quality, On-site emission cell, SPME @article{BOURDIN2014164, title = {Formaldehyde emission behavior of building materials: On-site measurements and modeling approach to predict indoor air pollution}, author = {Delphine Bourdin and Pierre Mocho and Valérie Desauziers and Hervé Plaisance}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304389414006402}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.07.065}, issn = {0304-3894}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Journal of Hazardous Materials}, volume = {280}, pages = {164 - 173}, abstract = {The purpose of this paper was to investigate formaldehyde emission behavior of building materials from on-site measurements of air phase concentration at material surface used as input data of a box model to estimate the indoor air pollution of a newly built classroom. The relevance of this approach was explored using CFD modeling. In this box model, the contribution of building materials to indoor air pollution was estimated with two parameters: the convective mass transfer coefficient in the material/air boundary layer and the on-site measurements of gas phase concentration at material surfaces. An experimental method based on an emission test chamber was developed to quantify this convective mass transfer coefficient. The on-site measurement of gas phase concentration at material surface was measured by coupling a home-made sampler to SPME. First results had shown an accurate estimation of indoor formaldehyde concentration in this classroom by using a simple box model.}, keywords = {Box model, Building material, CFD modeling, Formaldehyde, Indoor air quality, On-site emission cell, SPME}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The purpose of this paper was to investigate formaldehyde emission behavior of building materials from on-site measurements of air phase concentration at material surface used as input data of a box model to estimate the indoor air pollution of a newly built classroom. The relevance of this approach was explored using CFD modeling. In this box model, the contribution of building materials to indoor air pollution was estimated with two parameters: the convective mass transfer coefficient in the material/air boundary layer and the on-site measurements of gas phase concentration at material surfaces. An experimental method based on an emission test chamber was developed to quantify this convective mass transfer coefficient. The on-site measurement of gas phase concentration at material surface was measured by coupling a home-made sampler to SPME. First results had shown an accurate estimation of indoor formaldehyde concentration in this classroom by using a simple box model. |
Lee, M G; Yoon, J W; Han, S M; Suh, Y S; Kang, K J Effects of Gaps between Discontinuous Wire Woven Kagome Cores upon Bending of Sandwich Panels Journal Article Procedia Materials Science, 4 , pp. 203 - 208, 2014, ISSN: 2211-8128, (8th International Conference on Porous Metals and Metallic Foams). Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: PCM (Periodic Cellular Metal), Sandwich core, Truss structure, WBK(Wire-woven Bulk Kagome), Wire-woven metal @article{LEE2014203, title = {Effects of Gaps between Discontinuous Wire Woven Kagome Cores upon Bending of Sandwich Panels}, author = {M G Lee and J W Yoon and S M Han and Y S Suh and K J Kang}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211812814009626}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mspro.2014.07.597}, issn = {2211-8128}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Procedia Materials Science}, volume = {4}, pages = {203 - 208}, abstract = {WBK (Wire-woven Bulk Kagome) is a periodic cellular metal assembled of helical wires. The mechanical behavior under compression or shear, optimal design of a sandwich panel with WBK core, and characteristics of heat dissipation media have been studied, which proves feasibility of WBK as core material with multi-function capability. When WBK is used as the core material in a large scale sandwich panel, gaps between discontinuous cores are inevitable in their fabrication or building even larger scale structures using them. In this study, the effects of the gaps on mechanical behavior of sandwich panels are investigated. Theoretic analysis, experiments with three-point bending, and numerical analyses are performed to predict the strength and to analyze the results}, note = {8th International Conference on Porous Metals and Metallic Foams}, keywords = {PCM (Periodic Cellular Metal), Sandwich core, Truss structure, WBK(Wire-woven Bulk Kagome), Wire-woven metal}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } WBK (Wire-woven Bulk Kagome) is a periodic cellular metal assembled of helical wires. The mechanical behavior under compression or shear, optimal design of a sandwich panel with WBK core, and characteristics of heat dissipation media have been studied, which proves feasibility of WBK as core material with multi-function capability. When WBK is used as the core material in a large scale sandwich panel, gaps between discontinuous cores are inevitable in their fabrication or building even larger scale structures using them. In this study, the effects of the gaps on mechanical behavior of sandwich panels are investigated. Theoretic analysis, experiments with three-point bending, and numerical analyses are performed to predict the strength and to analyze the results |
Rauert, Cassandra; Lazarov, Borislav; Harrad, Stuart; Covaci, Adrian; Stranger, Marianne A review of chamber experiments for determining specific emission rates and investigating migration pathways of flame retardants Journal Article Atmospheric Environment, 82 , pp. 44 - 55, 2014, ISSN: 1352-2310. Abstract | Links | BibTeX | Tags: Emission chamber, Flame retardants, Mass transfer to dust, Specific emission rate @article{RAUERT201444, title = {A review of chamber experiments for determining specific emission rates and investigating migration pathways of flame retardants}, author = {Cassandra Rauert and Borislav Lazarov and Stuart Harrad and Adrian Covaci and Marianne Stranger}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1352231013007565}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.003}, issn = {1352-2310}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {82}, pages = {44 - 55}, abstract = {The widespread use of flame retardants (FRs) in indoor products has led to their ubiquitous distribution within indoor microenvironments with many studies reporting concentrations in indoor air and dust. Little information is available however on emission of these compounds to air, particularly the measurement of specific emission rates (SERs), or the migration pathways leading to dust contamination. Such knowledge gaps hamper efforts to develop understanding of human exposure. This review summarizes published data on SERs of the following FRs released from treated products: polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs), including a brief discussion of the methods used to derive these SERs. Also reviewed are published studies that utilize emission chambers for investigations/measurements of mass transfer of FRs to dust, discussing the chamber configurations and methods used for these experiments. A brief review of studies investigating correlations between concentrations detected in indoor air/dust and possible sources in the microenvironment is included along with efforts to model contamination of indoor environments. Critical analysis of the literature reveals that the major limitations with utilizing chambers to derive SERs for FRs arise due to the physicochemical properties of FRs. In particular, increased partitioning to chamber surfaces, airborne particles and dust, causes loss through “sink” effects and results in long times to reach steady state conditions inside the chamber. The limitations of chamber experiments are discussed as well as their potential for filling gaps in knowledge in this area.}, keywords = {Emission chamber, Flame retardants, Mass transfer to dust, Specific emission rate}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } The widespread use of flame retardants (FRs) in indoor products has led to their ubiquitous distribution within indoor microenvironments with many studies reporting concentrations in indoor air and dust. Little information is available however on emission of these compounds to air, particularly the measurement of specific emission rates (SERs), or the migration pathways leading to dust contamination. Such knowledge gaps hamper efforts to develop understanding of human exposure. This review summarizes published data on SERs of the following FRs released from treated products: polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), tetrabromobisphenol-A (TBBPA), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) and organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs), including a brief discussion of the methods used to derive these SERs. Also reviewed are published studies that utilize emission chambers for investigations/measurements of mass transfer of FRs to dust, discussing the chamber configurations and methods used for these experiments. A brief review of studies investigating correlations between concentrations detected in indoor air/dust and possible sources in the microenvironment is included along with efforts to model contamination of indoor environments. Critical analysis of the literature reveals that the major limitations with utilizing chambers to derive SERs for FRs arise due to the physicochemical properties of FRs. In particular, increased partitioning to chamber surfaces, airborne particles and dust, causes loss through “sink” effects and results in long times to reach steady state conditions inside the chamber. The limitations of chamber experiments are discussed as well as their potential for filling gaps in knowledge in this area. |
Kirchhof, Paulus 112 - New Antiarrhythmic Drugs and New Concepts for Old Drugs Incollection Zipes, Douglas P; Jalife, José (Ed.): Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside (Sixth Edition), pp. 1111 - 1119, W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, 2014, ISBN: 978-1-4557-2856-5. @incollection{KIRCHHOF20141111, title = {112 - New Antiarrhythmic Drugs and New Concepts for Old Drugs}, author = {Paulus Kirchhof}, editor = {Douglas P Zipes and José Jalife}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781455728565001126}, doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4557-2856-5.00112-6}, isbn = {978-1-4557-2856-5}, year = {2014}, date = {2014-01-01}, booktitle = {Cardiac Electrophysiology: From Cell to Bedside (Sixth Edition)}, pages = {1111 - 1119}, publisher = {W.B. Saunders}, address = {Philadelphia}, edition = {Sixth Edition}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {incollection} } |